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Impact of Retinal Stimulation on Neuromodulation
Published in Yu Chen, Babak Kateb, Neurophotonics and Brain Mapping, 2017
The ganglion cell layer and the axons from the ganglion cells, termed the nerve fiber layer, are next in the progression of retinal layers toward the inside of the eyeball. Loss of nerve fiber layer tissue is found to be an early biomarker for neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and glaucoma (Valenti 2011). The final layer is the porous internal limiting membrane separating the retina from the vitreous. From there, 1.2 million signals travel through the optic nerve further into the brain for processing (Figure 22.12).
Glaucoma Detection Using Optical Coherence Tomography Images: A Systematic Review of Clinical and Automated Studies
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Hina Raja, Muhammad Usman Akram, Taimur Hassan, Aneeqa Ramzan, Amtual Aziz, Hira Raja
Glaucoma damages the inner three retinal layers; retinal nerve fiber layer analysis provides valuable diagnostic information for staging and monitoring glaucoma patients. Bendschneider et al. [25] demonstrate the normal thickness range of peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness using SD-OCT in healthy subjects and determine the association of retinal nerve fiber layer with gender and age. The cross-sectional study considered 170 healthy subjects, including seventy-four females and nighty-six males with an age range of 20–78 years. Retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was determined by 16 consecutive B-scans (diameters of 3.4 mm) around ONH. The RNFL thickness map was divided into thirty-two segments, each of 11.25 degrees. Mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was 97.2 ± 9.7 µm and it was negatively correlated with the age of a subject. Different segments had a variable correlation dependence on age; thus correlation was measured separately for each segment. Age-matched retinal nerve fiber layer thickness showed a strong association with axial length (p = 0.001 and r = 0.391) than the disc size (r = 0.124). It was concluded that axial length and age were significantly correlated with the RNFL thickness obtained from the SD-OCT.