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Applications and Products—Nata de Coco
Published in Miguel Gama, Paul Gatenholm, Dieter Klemm, Bacterial NanoCellulose, 2016
Muenduen Phisalaphong, Nadda Chiaoprakobkij
The medium is statically cultivated with 5%–10% of a stock culture in a plastic tray (or jar) at a level of approximately 2–4 cm in height and covered with a piece of clean newspaper or similar material. The optimum temperature range for nata production is between 23°C and 32°C. Under suitable conditions, good quality nata de coco that has a smooth surface and a soft, chewy texture is obtained after 7–14 days of incubation. The quality aspects of nata de coco that should be considered are shape, thickness, color, purity, and acidity. Nata de coco is usually produced in the form of rectangular sheets with a thickness of approximately 1–2 cm (Figure 7.3a). The sheet is harvested by separating the nata from the spent liquor, scraping thin bacterial films off the gel surface, and soaking the nata in water. To make nata de coco in syrup, the gel is cut into small, uniform cubes ( approximately 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm × 1.5 cm), washed by soaking the cubes (nata) for 1 or more days in several changes of water to remove the sour (acid) taste and smell, then boiled in water for 5–10 minutes. After that, it is cooked in sugar syrup for food applications. The sweetened nata product is packed in sterilized preserving jars, cans, or plastic bags (Figure 7.3b) before using it in low-calorie desserts, salads, and high-fiber foods (Figure 7.3c). Nata de coco is highly regarded for its high content of dietary fiber and its low fat and cholesterol content. It promotes a healthy digestive system.
Development of polylactic acid (PLA) bio-composite films reinforced with bacterial cellulose nanocrystals (BCNC) without any surface modification
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Endarto Y. Wardhono, Nufus Kanani
Native bacterial cellulose is dried nata de coco pellicles, collected by Chimultiguna (Indramayu, Indonesia). Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), ethanol (C2H5OH), and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific. Metal chloride, FeCl3.6H2O, was purchased from Merck Indonesia. PLA with specific gravity of 1.24 g/cm3 was supplied by Huaian Ruanke Trade, China. All the reagents and chemicals are used as a laboratory grade without further purification. Demineralized water (conductivity of 0.06 mScm−1) produced by a purification chain was used for all experiments.
A simple process of isolation microcrystalline cellulose using ultrasonic irradiation
Published in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology, 2020
Endarto Yudo Wardhono, Nufus Kanani, Alfirano Alfirano
Native bacterial cellulose was dried nata de coco pellicles, collected by Chimultiguna (Indramayu, Indonesia). Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was purchased Sigma-Aldrich. Ethanol (C2H5OH) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were purchased from Thermo Fischer Scientific. Demineralized water of conductivity <0.06 mScm−1 produced by a purification chain. All chemicals were of analytical reagent grade and used without any further purification.