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General Thermography
Published in James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead, Human Medical Thermography, 2023
James Stewart Campbell, M. Nathaniel Mead
Scoliosis may be evaluated on spinal thermograms (Figure 10.65b). The midline of the back over the lumbar vertebrae is often warmer than the paraspinal areas; over the thoracic vertebrae, the midline may appear cooler (Figure 10.65a). The center of the nape of the neck serves as a landmark for determining scoliosis by drawing a straight line from there to the center of the sacrum and observing any spinal deviation from this line. Warmth may be seen over the interspinal muscles and ligaments, especially where those structures are under strain (Figure 10.66). Screening for spinal scoliosis in children may be done thermographically. Proper temperature equilibration is required, however.
Pinus wallichiana-synthesized silver nanoparticles as biomedical agents: in-vitro and in-vivo approach
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2020
Nazish Khan, Ibrar Khan, Akhtar Nadhman, Sadiq Azam, Inam Ullah, Farhan Ahmad, Hamid Ali Khan
The antipyretic activity of AgNPs was determined by inducing pyrexia in Balb-C, weighing 25–30 g, using Brewer’s yeast (Merck, Germany) (22). The mice were having open access to water overnight but without food and were divided into four groups (n = 6); Group 1 (normal saline, 10 ml/kg), Group 2 (paracetamol, 50 mg/kg), Groups 3 and 4 (10 and 20 mg/kg, respectively). The normal body temperature of mice was noted before developing hyperpyrexia. To create hyperpyrexia, Brewer’s yeast (20%, 10 ml/kg b.w) was injected in the back of mice, below the nape of the neck. After 18 h, changes were observed in the rectal temperature and mice showing a rise in rectal temperature (0.3–0.5°C) were selected for dosing. The animal’s rectal temperature was recorded at an interval of 30 min for 3 h after the AgNP injection. The temperature was recorded for possible antipyretic activity.
Organophosphate pesticide exposure as a risk factor for attempted suicide in Cape Town, South Africa: A case-control study
Published in Archives of Environmental & Occupational Health, 2022
Tahira Kootbodien, Zelda Holtman, Laila Asmal, John Joska, Bonginkosi Chiliza, Peter Smith, Lorann Stallones, Raj S. Ramesar, Leslie London
OP metabolites were measured in hair samples from a sub-sample of 56 cases and 44 controls (25% of the study sample). Approximately 100 g of hair, cut close to the scalp from the nape of the neck, was analyzed for three dialkyl phosphate (DAPs) metabolites: dimethyl phosphate (DMP), dimethyl thiophosphate (DMTP) and diethyl phosphate (DEP). The quantification of the three DAP metabolites followed a decontamination step, solid-liquid extraction, followed by liquid-liquid extraction, and analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. DAPs are nonspecific biomarkers of OP exposure (because they are potential metabolites of most Ops) and are used for the assessment of cumulative OP exposure.35 Levels of detection limits were 20 pg/mg for DMP, DEP and DMTP.
Multi-channel and multi-harmonic analysis of Auditory Steady-State Response detection
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Abdon Francisco Aureliano Netto, Tiago Zanotelli, Leonardo Bonato Felix
The collected EEG signal contains data from 14 electrodes - Cz, Pz, Fz, Oz, F3, F4, C3, C4, T3, T4, P3, P4, T5 and T6; the electrode being used as a reference positioned on the nape of the neck and the earth placed in the position Fpz, arranged on the scalp of each volunteer, according to the International System 10 – 20 (Scharbrough 1990). The EEG channels were sampled at a sampling frequency of 1250 Hz per channel with a frequency band of the analog filter passes between 1 and 500 Hz. For an offline analysis the channels were divided into 1024-point windows resulting in a maximum number of 300 windows (total time 245.76 s).