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Psychophysiological assessment of workload in multi-task environments
Published in Diane L. Damos, Multiple-task performance, 2020
Glenn F. Wilson, F. Thomas Eggemeier
Several studies have employed the transient evoked response to gain a measure of workload in either the flight simulation or inflight environments. Lindholm et al. (1984), for example, elicited EPs to auditory stimuli during simulated landings and attack segments in two studies. They reported greater N200 negativity and P300 amplitude decreases with increasing primary-task workload. Natani and Gomer (1981) used the oddball or rare event secondary-task paradigm (e.g., Gopher and Donchin, 1986) to elicit EPs while their subjects flew the part-task simulation referred to earlier. In the oddball paradigm, two stimuli that are easily discriminated and have different probabilities of occurrence, typically 80 per cent and 20 per cent, are individually presented to the subject. The subject is asked to respond to each occurrence of the low probability (rare) stimulus by pressing a button or keeping a mental count. Natani and Gomer found significant P300 area decrements and marginally significantly longer P300 latencies under the high workload conditions for the first but not the second replication of their task.
Bayesian Learning for EEG Analysis
Published in Chang S. Nam, Anton Nijholt, Fabien Lotte, Brain–Computer Interfaces Handbook, 2018
By far, one of the most popularly adopted EEG activities for BCI development is event-related potential (ERP), a time- and phase-locked brain response to stimulus events of interest. Typical ERP components P300, N170, and N200 have been successfully applied to the design of BCIs. P300 is a positive deflection in EEG occurring at approximately 300 ms after a rare but task-related stimulus (i.e., oddball paradigm) (Krusienski et al. 2008), while N170 and N200 are the two negative deflections at about 170 and 200 ms, respectively. Through classifying the ERP components corresponding to controlled stimuli, an ERP-based BCI can be developed to detect the desired commands from a user. The ERP-based BCI has proven its promising potential for spelling application with a relatively robust performance for target character detection and also no requirement for subject training (Sellers and Donchin 2006; Jin et al. 2015). Another frequently adopted EEG activity for BCI development is sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), characterized as a bandpower change of particular EEG frequency band, appearing at the contralateral sensorimotor area during imagination of unilateral band movement (i.e., so-called motor imagery) (Pfurtscheller et al. 2006; Blankertz et al. 2010). Accordingly, an SMR-based BCI can be designed by recognizing the spatial pattern difference of EEG between different motor imagery tasks, typically including imagining left and right hand, foot, or tongue movements. In recent years, SMR-based BCI has shown its application value in both wheelchair control and stroke rehabilitation (Ang et al. 2011; Huang et al. 2012).
Impact of Mobile Phone Use on Driving Performance: Review of Experimental Literature
Published in Michael A. Regan, John D. Lee, Trent W. Victor, Driver Distraction and Inattention, 2013
By using the same technique, Bruyas et al. (2006) have shown that the reduction in the N200-P300 complex amplitude is also linked to the complexity of the communication task. The more complex the communication, the more appreciable is this reduction, which attests to a more important reduction in the resources allocated to the driving task.
Does standing alter reaction times and event related potentials compared to sitting in young adults? A counterbalanced, crossover trial
Published in Theoretical Issues in Ergonomics Science, 2022
Mayur Bhat, Keshab Dehury, Baskaran Chandrasekaran, Hari Prakash Palanisamy, Ashokan Arumugam
Visual stimuli were presented using the ‘Gentask’ module of Stim 2 software (Compumedic Neuroscan 4.5, Australia). The ‘acquire module’ with SynAmps2 amplifier was used to record action potentials during the modified Eriksen flanker task. ERPs were divided into early ‘sensory or exogenous’ (occuring at first 100 ms) and ‘cognitive or endogenous (late)’ waveforms as these waveforms represent information processing. N100 or N1 was the first negative deflection occuring between 90–140 ms. P200 or P2 was the first positive deflection occuring between 100–200 ms. Both N1 and P2 waveform components represented early sensory potentials where as the negative deflection at >200 ms (N2 or N200) and positive deflection at 300 ms (P3 or P300) represented late cognitive potentials corresponding to motor responses to both congruent and incongruent stimuli. Hence, any significant changes in either early or late components of the ERPs would suggest changes in the information reception or processing in the brain (Alderman, Olson, and Brush 2019).
Young females' attention toward road safety images: An ERP study of the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2018
Sherrie-Anne Kaye, Melanie J. White, Ioni Lewis
Event-related potentials (ERPs) may be used to objectively assess attention. ERPs are time-locked changes in neural activity, extracted from electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings, facilitating measurement of neural activity at the exact moment individuals are exposed to stimuli (Duncan et al. 2009). The N100 and N200 are 2 ERPs that may reflect the attention that individuals direct toward emotion-based visual stimuli (Coull 1998), with more pronounced N100 (an earlier attentional process) and N200 (a later attentional process) responses observed when individuals attend to images.