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Event-Related Potential
Published in Kaushik Majumdar, A Brief Survey of Quantitative EEG, 2017
Although all sensory perceptions namely, visual, auditory, olfactory, somatosensory, and gustatory generate the ERP, the most widely studied among them is visual ERP. Some prominent visual ERPs are P300 (on an average the large positive potential observed in the occipital lobe 300 ms after the onset of a visual stimulus), N100 (on an average the negative potential observed in the occipital lobe 100 ms after the onset of a visual stimulus), etc. (also known as P3, N1, etc., respectively). However, in this treatise our focus will be on quantitative analysis of the ERP rather than visual analysis. This almost entirely relies on the enhanced magnitude of the ERP compared to the background EEG (this also offers the biggest clue to ERP identification in visual analysis). PCA and ICA discussed in Chapter 2 are very useful tools for automatic ERP identification in EEG recordings. Magnitude difference can be plotted in a visually appealing way by means of topographical plots or simply topoplots (Figure 4.2). EEGLAB offers a host of options for two- and three-dimensional topographical plots of EEG data for identifying the ERP segments. The plot is available in the EEGLAB window itself. In order to generate the topoplots the channel location needs to be fixed. This in the EEGLAB comes in the form of a .elp file.
Psychophysiological Measures of Workload: Potential Applications to Adaptively Automated Systems
Published in Raja Parasuraman, Mustapha Mouloua, Automation and Human Performance: Theory and Applications, 2018
Arthur F. Kramer, Leonard J. Trejo, Darryl G. Humphrey
Our expectations with regard to the sensitivity of the different ERP components to the introduction of the radar monitoring task and an increase in its difficulty were as follows. The N100 component has long been interpreted to reflect early processes of selective attention or resource allocation (Hackley, Woldoroff, & Hillyard, 1990; Hillyard, Hink, Schwent, & Picton, 1973). The N100 has also shown a graded sensitivity to processing demands across both tasks and input locations (Parasuraman, 1985). Thus, it is conceivable that the irrelevant probe-evoked NIOOs will show a systematic decrease in amplitude with the introduction of the radar monitoring tasks as well as with an increase in its difficulty.
Cognitive functions of shift workers: paramedics and firefighters – an electroencephalography study
Published in International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 2021
Sylwia Sumińska, Kamila Nowak, Barbara Łukomska, Hanna B. Cygan
The P300 potential is among the most commonly analysed markers of cognitive activity, whose amplitude decreases as the working memory load goes up [26–28], and is linked to stimulus identification and classification, and information updating in the working memory [29,30]. The N100 potential amplitude, which occurs at an earlier stage, is related to attention allocations and stimuli processing [31]. The contingent negative variation (CNV) is also related to attention stimulation processes, which are observed when a stimulus is preceded by a cue [32]. The P200 potential is, in turn, associated with the early classification of stimuli [33,34].