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Microbial Biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2020
With a view to understanding their significance in our daily life, it is very important to have historical information pertaining to microorganisms. It is believed that the ancestors of modern bacteria were single-celled microorganisms that were the first forms of life to develop on earth, approximately 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, all organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. Although bacterial fossils such as stromatolites exist, their lack of distinctive morphology prevents them from being used to examine the history of bacterial evolution or to date the time of origin of a bacterial species. However, gene sequences can be used to reconstruct bacterial phylogeny, and these studies indicate that bacteria diverged first from the archaeal/eukaryotic lineage. The most recent common ancestor of bacteria and archaea was a hyperthermophile that lived approximately 2.5–3.2 billion years ago.
Microbial biotechnology
Published in Firdos Alam Khan, Biotechnology Fundamentals, 2018
With a view to understanding their significance in our daily life, it is very important to have historical information pertaining to microorganisms. It is believed that the ancestors of modern bacteria were single-celled microorganisms that were the first forms of life to develop on earth, approximately 4 billion years ago. For about 3 billion years, all organisms were microscopic, and bacteria and archaea were the dominant forms of life. Although bacterial fossils such as stromatolites exist, their lack of distinctive morphology prevents them from being used to examine the history of bacterial evolution or to date the time of origin of a particular bacterial species. However, gene sequences can be used to reconstruct bacterial phylogeny, and these studies indicate that bacteria diverged first from the archaeal/eukaryotic lineage. The most recent common ancestor of bacteria and archaea was a hyperthermophile that lived approximately 2.5–3.2 billion years ago.
A new small-sized penguin from the late Eocene of Seymour Island with additional material of Mesetaornis polaris
Published in GFF, 2021
Piotr Jadwiszczak, Marcelo Reguero, Thomas Mörs
– Clarke et al. (2003: p. 3) postulated “that the name ‘Spheniscidae’ be formally applied to the clade comprised of the most recent common ancestor of all extant penguins and all of its descendants”. Here, we use the name in its traditional context.