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iMRI for Clinical Gene Therapy
Published in Yashwant V. Pathak, Gene Delivery Systems, 2022
Disha Patel, Khushboo Faldu, Jigna Shah
Genetic therapeutics is an encouraging approach used to address numerous diseases with a permanent cure. Molecular imaging technology in association with gene therapy will witness a research boom with the evolution of gene therapy. Genetic engineering will help with the development of robust viral and non-viral vectors, and the development of bicistronic vectors will enable targeting two target proteins from a single mRNA. Continued refinements in molecular probe chemistry will generate the next generation of probes that have enhanced specificity and sensitivity profiles. Intraluminal MRI allows precise biodistribution monitoring of the delivered transgenes. Gene expression enhancement by RF and focused ultrasound can utilize the MR thermomapping technique. Nanotechnology has boosted target-specific molecular MR imaging as a non-invasive in vivo evaluation technique for gene therapy. Pre- and post-gene therapy functional MRI scans can help assess gene therapy success. The ultimate goal is to develop molecular imaging technologies that can provide early data on gene delivery and expression to facilitate the evaluation of successful gene therapy in patients.
Targeted MRI
Published in Robert J. Gropler, David K. Glover, Albert J. Sinusas, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Cardiovascular Molecular Imaging, 2007
Susan B. Yeon, Andrea J. Wiethoff, Warren J. Manning, Elmar Spuentrup, Rene M. Botnar
While advances in MRI hardware are important to improved molecular imaging, advances in molecular imaging with MRI are increasingly dependent on the development of exogenous probes. Successful molecular probe development requires selection of appropriate biologically and clinically relevant targets and effective strategies for meeting the challenges of sensitivity, specificity, spatial localization and safety required for accurate diagnosis. Methods that provide for significant signal amplification are needed to detect molecular markers effectively.
Trends in Cancer Screening: Different Diagnostic Approaches
Published in Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava, Recent Advances in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy, 2022
Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava
For the detection of miRNA, most commonly employed methods are based on amplification techniques, including qRT-PCR (Ell et al., 2013), microarrays (Dong et al., 2013), and RNA sequencing in the laboratory. For the quantitative measurement of one constituent of a sample, it depends on the selective binding of the molecular probe.
Recent advance in functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles with stimuli-responsive polymer brush for controlled drug delivery
Published in Soft Materials, 2022
Typically, multi-stimuli responsive MSNs can compile two or more stimuli, which can be endogenous or exogenous (or both), for conjugation onto their superficial surfaces. The motivation for developing such multi-stimuli-responsive nanosystems lies in the opportunity to control targeted delivery based on the tumor architecture, thereby increasing cancer specificity, enhancing anticancer drug activity and reducing bio-toxicity. For instance, a redox/pH/NIR multi-responsive drug delivery system based on MSN-SS-polydopamine (PDA)/DOX enhanced the synergistic chemo-photothermal therapy effect on breast cancer. The high level of the GSH in tumor would also cleave disulfide bonds and accelerate the DOX-drug release. The PDA layer is sensitive to the changes in the temperature and/or pH level. Therefore, increasing the temperature of MSN-SS-PDA/DOX system (after exposing to NIR laser) increased the release and accumulation of DOX in tumor tissue. The NIR laser excitation, therefore, would help to improve the local heat, the permeability of cell membrane and cancer cells’ intake of anticancer drug. A molecular probe can be introduced into theragnostic investigations (i.e., therapeutics and diagnostics) to allow the development of imaging-guided therapy by tracking a dye or other contrast agent.[69]