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Spectroscopy Tools and Techniques
Published in Jay L. Nadeau, Introduction to Experimental Biophysics, 2017
Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)—more precisely called simply RET because there is no transfer of a photon—is one of the most commonly used techniques in molecular biophysics. Its principle is simple: when the emission spectrum of a fluorescent donor overlaps the excitation of an acceptor, then excitation of the donor causes emission at the acceptor wavelength (Figure 16.13). Ideally the donor and acceptor excitation bands should have an area that is free of overlap, because excitation of both at once make the data difficult to interpret. For example, QDs make excellent donors but poor acceptors, since their absorbance spectra are so broad. It is also possible to have a nonfluorescent acceptor; in this case, FRET is measured by donor quenching. This can be more difficult to interpret than FRET using a fluorescent acceptor, since quenching can result from many different mechanisms, including simply photobleaching.
Study of Full-body Virtual Embodiment Using noninvasive Brain Stimulation and Imaging
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2021
In this study, we hypothesized that the anodal tDCS over rTPJ would extend the sense of embodiment by increasing neural firing in the area, with the primary effect on the self-recognition. Possible mechanisms range from the increased SoO for the avatar caused by disrupted self-recognition mechanism (by increased rTPJ activity), to the increased SoA, allowing for easier acceptance of the foreign body by means of lower threshold in action self-attribution. As the effects of tDCS can be both stimulation or inhibition of neural communication, observing any effect would greatly help in clarification of the rTPJ stimulation effects on the sense embodiment. (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Thomas Jessell et al., 2000)
Usnic acid attenuates genomic instability in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells as well as chemical-induced preneoplastic lesions in rat colon
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Nayane Moreira Machado, Arthur Barcelos Ribeiro, Heloiza Diniz Nicolella, Saulo Duarte Ozelin, Lucas Henrique Domingos Da Silva, Ana Paula Prado Guissone, Francisco Rinaldi-Neto, Igor Lizo Limonti Lemos, Ricardo Andrade Furtado, Wilson Roberto Cunha, Alexandre Azenha Alves De Rezende, Mário Antônio Spanó, Denise Crispim Tavares
The precise molecular MOA of lichen-specific metabolites are almost unknown. However, several investigators demonstrated the binding of UA to DNA and its antioxidant potential (Bolton, Dunlap, and Dietz 2018; Hasinoff et al. 1996; Jacob et al. 2013; Plsíkova et al. 2014; Smith et al. 2014). Plsíkova et al. (2014) examined the interactions between lichen metabolites (parietin, atranorin, UA, and gyrophoric acid) and calf thymus DNA using molecular biophysics and biochemical methods. The tested lichen metabolites were identified as DNA topoisomerase II catalytic inhibitors that reduce clastogenicity of DNA topoisomerase II poisons such as DXR and VP-16 (Hasinoff et al. 1996).