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Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Movable genetic element (MGE) are a type of DNA that can move around within the genome. They include: Transposons (also called transposable elements); Retrotransposons; DNA transposons; Insertion sequences; Plasmids; Bacteriophage elements, like Mu, which integrates randomly into the genome; Group II introns; and Group I introns. The total of all mobile genetic elements in a genome may be referred to as the mobilome.
Inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism markers revealed long terminal repeat retrotransposon insertion polymorphism in flax cultivated on the experimental fields around Chernobyl
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Veronika Lancíková, Jana Žiarovská
TEs (Transposable Elements) represent a comprehensive network of plant mobilome and are characterized by their surprising ability to change position in plant genome.[11] Transposon activation is closely linked to the stress factors,[12] thus intragenomic and environmental stress factors may lead to genome destabilization.[13] Moreover, as suggested by McClintock,[11] the hypothesis exists that different stress factors have the potential of plant genome reshaping. TEs comprise significant portion of the genome of higher plants, for instance 20% in Arabidopsis thaliana,[14] 85% in Zea mays,[15] or even more than 90% in some Liliaceae species.[16] Stress-related activation of transposons was described for many different species as Tos17 in rice,[17]Tto1 in tobacco,[18]Tnt1 in tobacco,[19]BARE-1 in barley,[20]ZmMI1 in maize,[21]CLCoi1 in lemon[22] by factors such as salt stress, wounding, cold, pathogens.[12,23] New ONSEN insertions were found in Arabidopsis plants under heat stress.[23]