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Designing for Upper Torso and Arm Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Corrective braces can be worn before skeletal growth is complete to attempt to straighten a scoliotic spine. The Milwaukee brace (Figure 4.15, upper), a well-known thoraco-lumbo-sacral-orthosis (TLSO) style, was developed by Blount and Schmidt in 1946 and remains a mainstay in the treatment of scoliosis. In general, bracing for scoliosis depends on application of transverse loads on the apex and both ends of the curve (Karimi, Ebrahimi, Mohammadi, & McGarry, 2017). A person with scoliosis may need to wear a brace for a year or more, 20–23 hours/day, so the brace should allow regular activities as much as possible. Spinal bracing presents three challenges: (a) achieving correction of abnormal spinal curves, (b) providing wearer comfort, and (c) either looking good or the brace being “invisible” to others.
Effect of the type of brace on head to pelvis sagittal alignment of adolescents with Scheuermann’s kyphosis
Published in Assistive Technology, 2022
Mohsen Azar, Taher Babaee, Mojtaba Kamyab, Hassan Ghandhari
The Cervico-thoraco-lumbo-sacral orthosis (the Milwaukee brace) and thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO) are the most commonly types of orthotic treatment that are used in spine clinics to treat adolescents with SK (Hsu et al., 2008). The Milwaukee brace is traditionally prescribed for SK patients with apical thoracic curves of above T8. Researchers believe that the effectiveness of the Milwaukee brace in SK depends on applying both passive and active forces. Part of the correction is achieved through the patient’s active effort to keep his/her neck away from the anterior part of the brace’s neck ring. Indeed, the patient is advised to keep his/her head and neck in a retracted position while using the brace to keep them in the pelvis center (Hsu et al., 2008).