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Basic Understanding of Medical Image Processing
Published in Sanjay Saxena, Sudip Paul, High-Performance Medical Image Processing, 2022
Pradeep Kumar, Subodh Srivastava, Y. Padma Sai
Medical imaging is the process of producing visible images of inner structures of the body for scientific and medicinal study and treatment as well as a visible view of the function of interior tissues. This process pursues the disorder identification and management. This process creates data bank of regular structure and function of the organs to make it easy to recognize the anomalies [1].
Artificial Intelligence for Precision Medicine
Published in Kamal Kumar Sharma, Akhil Gupta, Bandana Sharma, Suman Lata Tripathi, Intelligent Communication and Automation Systems, 2021
Medicine is the science and practice of detecting, managing and preventing illnesses to promote health. The development of novel technologies speeds up understanding genetics and medicine with enhanced precision. Adopting novel techniques, such as automatic learning from big data to investigate subtle models, would improve PM. In a few decades, PM and AI may be part of routine practice. There will always be room for improvement and contemplation on how human-centric science joined forces with non-human intelligence to make these advances happen. However, with all the promises of AI, it has some limitations, hence the need to control over the AI tools.
Medicine
Published in Jill L. Baker, Technology of the Ancient Near East, 2018
To some, medicine is more science than technology, and to include a discussion about medicine in this work may seem out of place. Indeed, medicine is defined as “the science or practice of the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of disease” and “a drug or other preparation for the treatment or prevention of disease” (Oxford Dictionary, https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/medicine). Yet, whether ancient or contemporary, the importance of one’s medical well-being cannot be overstated. Health and healing held an essential role in the ancient world, into which numerous resources and much energy were invested. Given medicine’s significance and in keeping with our working definition of technology as the practical application of knowledge, scientific or otherwise, to resolve a problem, achieve a goal, satisfy curiosity, make life easier, or to accomplish change, it is appropriate to discuss the medical practices of the ancient Near East.
Metal organic frameworks: an effective application in drug delivery systems
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Christine Jeyaseelan, Priyansh Jain, Deeya Soin, Deepshikha Gupta
The emerging need for personalized medicine and its recent applications in preventive and targeted treatment of diseases like cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, asthma etc. have revealed the gap between existing and next generation medicine.[97–99] According to National Cancer Institute[100] (NCI) USA, personalized medicine can be understood as a spectrum of methodologies applied to study the person’s specific genetic or protein or physiological information and use the same to prevent, diagnose and treat the disease and also track the effectiveness of the treatment. MOFs and its composites have been identified to help in developing methodologies for personalized medicinal care.[101] For instance, use of platelet membrane coated Zn based MOF for delivering siRNA for gene silencing purposes[102] for cancer treatment development, use of ZIF-8 in gene delivery purposes,[100] and Sr-HCOOH MOFs role in gene expression regulation,[103] all lay foundation for further development of precision medicine.
Surveillance in Next-Generation Personalized Healthcare: Science and Ethics of Data Analytics in Healthcare
Published in The New Bioethics, 2021
Many patients are increasingly being drawn towards care customization. For many healthcare professionals, the doctor-patient relationship further emphasizes the need for customization of healthcare services. Some of the concepts that characterize personalized healthcare include; patient-centred care and personalized medicine. Patient-centred care involves the organization of patient management to address all the needs of the individual patients. Personalized medicine, on the other hand, focuses on tailoring treatment to suit the patient’s unique biological characteristics and genetic makeup (Minvielle et al. 2014). In the same light, augmented personalized healthcare (APH) is poised to improve the entire healthcare process by personalizing the integration and use of physical, cyber, and social data obtained from a variety of devices, including; wearables, Electronic Medical Records, and the Internet of Things (IoT) (Sheth and Anantharam 2013). Augmentation is the process whereby all the signals at the individual and population level obtained from analysing data are aggregated and integrated. Once these signals have been collected, they are converted into actions that ultimately result in the improvement of health-related outcomes (Sheth et al. 2017).
Child-Robot Interaction in a Musical Dance Game: An Exploratory Comparison Study between Typically Developing Children and Children with Autism
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2021
Jaclyn A. Barnes, Chung Hyuk Park, Ayanna Howard, Myounghoon Jeon
There is no cure for ASD. Some proponents of neurodiversity disagree with the idea of a cure at all. They argue that autism is a natural variation in humanity and that treatment should not attempt to eliminate autistic characteristics or make someone with ASD behave like a TD person. In practice, there is much overlap between treatments acceptable to proponents of both the medical model of autism and the neurodiversity model (Ariel Cascio, 2012; Kapp et al., 2013). A wide variety of treatments are used including pharmaceutical, behavioral, and alternative and complementary medicine. Often multiple treatments are used with each child. Pharmaceutical and biomedical interventions focus on treating symptoms of ASD and comorbid conditions rather than ASD itself. Drugs for ADHD, seizures, irritability, aggression, anxiety, depression, repetitive behaviors, and sleep disturbances can be used on and off-label for children with ASD (Anagnostou et al., 2014). Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is perhaps the best-known treatment. ABA is a behavioral intervention that focuses on improving skills using learning principles. The focus is usually on increasing desired behavior, decreasing undesired behavior, and teaching new skills. However, there can be wide variance in style, duration, and intensity of ABA interventions, and it is still unsettled what combinations work best for which patients. ABA is particularly commonly used with young children (Anagnostou et al., 2014; Myers & Johnson, 2007). Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH) is another behavioral intervention. It emphasizes structure and predictability in learning, but tends to focus both on the child adapting and on adapting the environment to the child (Myers & Johnson, 2007). Socio-communicative deficits are often addressed by a speech pathologist. The Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) or another alternative/augmented communication strategy may be employed. Other social skills, such as joint attention and symbolic play skills, are also addressed by a variety of behavioral interventions, particularly those incorporated into daily activities by parents. Occupational therapists often train self-care and academic skills. Sensory integration therapy, intended to address difficulties processing sensory input is also common. Complementary and alternative medicine therapies are commonly used, but understudied. Some, including music therapy, have shown some promise, but others, like chelation, have shown some harm (Myers & Johnson, 2007). All of the therapies discussed in the following sections fall under the complementary and alternative medicine category at present.