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Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
Musculus pronator teres is a superficial muscle and lies between the muscles of brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis. Pronator teres is covered by brachioradialis toward its distal insertion. Insertion: The origin of this muscle is on the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Pronator teres converge down obliquely and laterally. It will insert distally on the middle and lateral part of the radius. Action: Pronator of forearm and assists in flexion of elbow. Innervation is given by median nerve (C6, C7).
How does multi-set high-load resistance exercise impact neuromuscular function in normoxia and hypoxia?
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
N. Benjanuvatra, D. Bradbury, G. Landers, P. S. R. Goods, O. Girard
Surface EMG activity of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid and the lateral and medial heads of triceps brachii muscles was recorded with surface electrodes (Cleartrace, 1700-050, Conmed., Utica, NY, USA) at an interelectrode distance of 20 mm on the participant’s dominant side. Before placing the electrodes, the overlying skin was carefully prepared (any hair was shaved, the skin lightly abraded with scourers and cleaned with alcohol wipes). Electrode placement followed recommendations from the Anatomical Guide for the Electromyographer (Perotto & Delagi, 2005). Electrodes were placed while the participant was in a standing position. For the pectoralis major muscle, the electrodes were placed over the anterior axillary fold level with the sternocostal portion of the muscle. For the anterior deltoid muscle, the electrodes were placed 6 cm below the anterior margin of the acromion. For the lateral head of triceps brachii muscle, the electrodes were placed immediately posterior to the deltoid tuberosity. For the medial head of triceps brachii muscle, the electrode were placed 6 cm proximal to the medial epicondyle of the humerus. Electrodes were fixed length-wise, over the middle of the muscle bellies. The electrodes were taped down with cotton wool swabs to minimise sweat-induced interference. The EMG reference electrode was placed over the sternal end of the clavicle, also on the subjects’ dominant side. To minimise movement artefact, wires between the electrodes and the EMG unit were secured to the skin with adhesive tape.
Upper limb biomechanics and dynamics of a core skill on floor exercise in female gymnastics
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2023
Pavel Brtva, Gareth Irwin, Genevieve K.R. Williams, Roman Farana
Two force plates (Kistler, 9286 AA, Switzerland) were used to determine ground reaction force data at a sampling rate of 1200 Hz. To collect the kinematic data, a motion-capture system (Oqus, Qualisys, Sweden) consisting of 10 infrared cameras was used at a sampling rate of 240 Hz. Data from the force plate and the cameras were synchronised and collected simultaneously. Based on C-motion (Rockville, MD, USA) recommendations, 30 retroreflective markers (diameter of 9 mm) and clusters were attached to the gymnasts upper limbs and trunk. Markers were bilaterally placed on each participant at the following anatomical locations: vertebra prominens (C 7), scapula inferior angle, thoracic vertebra 10 (Th 10), the acromio-clavicular joint, centre of shoulder deltoid muscle, lateral epicondyle of the humerus, medial epicondyle of the humerus, radial-styloid, ulnar-styloid and head of the second metacarpal. Four clusters containing four markers each were also placed bilaterally on the upper arms.
Effects of various handle shapes and surface profiles on the hand-arm responses and comfort during short-term exposure to handle vibration
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2022
Josefa Angelie Revilla, Ilham Priadythama, Ping Yeap Loh, Satoshi Muraki
A surface EMG was placed on the superficial layer of each of the four forearm muscles (ECR, finger flexor [FF], flexor carpi ulnaris [FCU], and flexor carpi radialis [FCR]). The study followed the EMG placement procedure provided by Basmajian and Blumenstein (1980). The surface electrode on the ECR was placed along the 1/3 point of an extended line from the lateral end of the elbow crease to the middle of the wrist, with a pronated forearm. The surface electrode on the FF was attached on the 1/2 point of an extended line from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the styloid process of the ulna, with a supinated forearm. For the FCU, the electrode was placed around the proximal 1/3 point of an extended line from the posterior parts of the medial epicondyle to the styloid process of the ulna. For the FCR, the electrode was located on the 1/2 point of an extended line from the lateral aspect of the bicep tendon at the elbow crease to the pisiform bone. Finally, a ground electrode was placed on the styloid process of the ulna.