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Epicondylitis
Published in Richard Graveling, Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) in the Workplace, 2018
The two forms of epicondylitis are distinguished as lateral epicondylitis (centred on the lateral epicondyle) and medial epicondylitis (from the medial epicondyle). They are often commonly referred to by their colloquial names of tennis elbow (lateral) and golfer’s elbow (medial), respectively. According to Thurston (1998), tennis elbow was first described by a German physician, who called it writer’s cramp (Runge, 1873); however, it appears to be an English physician (Morris, 1882) who referred to lawn-tennis arm and another physician (Major, 1883) who used the term lawn-tennis elbow to describe a condition he suffered from himself (and was presumably associated with playing tennis). However, as Thurston points out, Morris was actually describing golfer’s elbow, referring to the pronator teres muscle as the site of the condition. The origin of the term golfer’s elbow does not seem to have been identified.
Upper limb biomechanics and dynamics of a core skill on floor exercise in female gymnastics
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2023
Pavel Brtva, Gareth Irwin, Genevieve K.R. Williams, Roman Farana
Two force plates (Kistler, 9286 AA, Switzerland) were used to determine ground reaction force data at a sampling rate of 1200 Hz. To collect the kinematic data, a motion-capture system (Oqus, Qualisys, Sweden) consisting of 10 infrared cameras was used at a sampling rate of 240 Hz. Data from the force plate and the cameras were synchronised and collected simultaneously. Based on C-motion (Rockville, MD, USA) recommendations, 30 retroreflective markers (diameter of 9 mm) and clusters were attached to the gymnasts upper limbs and trunk. Markers were bilaterally placed on each participant at the following anatomical locations: vertebra prominens (C 7), scapula inferior angle, thoracic vertebra 10 (Th 10), the acromio-clavicular joint, centre of shoulder deltoid muscle, lateral epicondyle of the humerus, medial epicondyle of the humerus, radial-styloid, ulnar-styloid and head of the second metacarpal. Four clusters containing four markers each were also placed bilaterally on the upper arms.
Effects of various handle shapes and surface profiles on the hand-arm responses and comfort during short-term exposure to handle vibration
Published in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 2022
Josefa Angelie Revilla, Ilham Priadythama, Ping Yeap Loh, Satoshi Muraki
A surface EMG was placed on the superficial layer of each of the four forearm muscles (ECR, finger flexor [FF], flexor carpi ulnaris [FCU], and flexor carpi radialis [FCR]). The study followed the EMG placement procedure provided by Basmajian and Blumenstein (1980). The surface electrode on the ECR was placed along the 1/3 point of an extended line from the lateral end of the elbow crease to the middle of the wrist, with a pronated forearm. The surface electrode on the FF was attached on the 1/2 point of an extended line from the medial epicondyle of the humerus to the styloid process of the ulna, with a supinated forearm. For the FCU, the electrode was placed around the proximal 1/3 point of an extended line from the posterior parts of the medial epicondyle to the styloid process of the ulna. For the FCR, the electrode was located on the 1/2 point of an extended line from the lateral aspect of the bicep tendon at the elbow crease to the pisiform bone. Finally, a ground electrode was placed on the styloid process of the ulna.
Effect of the medial collateral ligament and the lateral ulnar collateral ligament injury on elbow stability: a finite element analysis
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Fang Wang, Shuoqi Jia, Mingxin Li, Kui Pan, Jianguo Zhang, Yubo Fan
The anatomical orientation and stress distribution of all ligaments in the intact state was shown in Figure 5. The aMCL and the pMCL originated at the anteroinferior medial epicondyle of humerus. The aMCL inserted in the anteromedial olecranon of ulna and the pMCL inserts in the posteromedial side of ulna olecranon. The tMCL originated and inserted on ulna (Figure 5A). The LUCL originated in the lateral epicondyle of humerus and inserted on posterolateral side of ulna (Figure 5B) (Karbach and Elfar 2017). The stress distribution of all ligaments in four injury conditions was shown in Figure 6. The stress distribution of ligaments both in intact state and injury conditions was similar. The stress of the aMCL and the pMCL mainly distributed at their initial position that was medial epicondyle of humerus during the flexion in all conditions (Figures 5C and 6). The aMCL was taut during the entire flexion and a slight bending deformation was occurred at 90°. However, other ligaments were taut without deformation. The stress of tMCL was mainly distributed at the origination and insertion points (Floris et al. 1998; Tarassoli et al. 2017). The stress of LUCL was distributed throughout the ligament, but the peak stress also located at the insertion that the attachment point on the ulna (Figure 7).