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Nanoparticles of Marine Origin and Their Potential Applications
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Fatemeh Sedaghat, Morteza Yousefzadi, Reza Sheikhakbari-Mehr
Marine microorganisms, such as bacteria, cyanobacteria, actinobacteria, yeast, and fungi are tiny organisms that live in marine ecosystems (Figure 16.4). These microorganisms are the best sources of metabolite producers and are very important from an industrial point of view. Marine microorganisms are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells that live in the ocean and account for > 98% of ocean biomass. Marine microorganisms are ubiquitous in the marine environment as well as extreme environments (e.g., hypersaline) and thrive at a wide range of acidity, alkalinity, temperatures, and salinity [Manivasagan et al., 2016].
A Review on L-Asparaginase
Published in Se-Kwon Kim, Marine Biochemistry, 2023
Exploitation of the marine microorganisms leads to the development of novel drugs and therapeutic methods. Isolating all marine bacteria is not possible under laboratory conditions, and hence, it is highly necessary to develop new culturing techniques for the slow-growing bacteria that are exclusive to unique natural products, for example, anticancer agents, such as bryostatins, discodermolide, sarcodictyin and eleutherobin; antibiotics, such as marinone; and antiparasitic compounds, such as valinomycinis from Streptomyces sp. strains from the Mediterranean.
Studies on a new antimicrobial peptide from Vibrio proteolyticus MT110
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Himanshu Verma, Kanti N. Mihooliya, Jitender Nandal, Debendra K. Sahoo
Earth has endless resources of microbial diversity, and the marine environment covers more than 70% of its surface. Marine microorganisms are a reservoir of genetic and functional diversity and potentially a source of agents for various biotechnological applications, however, these are less exploited.[11] In prokaryotes, most AMPs were reported to have been produced from Gram-positive bacteria, and very few Gram-negative bacteria have been known to produce AMPs.[12–14] The low molecular weight AMPs have been known for their ability to resist various proteolytic enzymes, making them attractive candidates in the food and pharmaceutical industries for different applications.[15]
Whole-cell bioreporters for evaluating petroleum hydrocarbon contamination
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
Bo Jiang, Yizhi Song, Zengjun Liu, Wei E. Huang, Guanghe Li, Songqiang Deng, Yi Xing, Dayi Zhang
Alternatively, many indigenous environmental strains have the ability to degrade various xenobiotic compounds, e.g., Pseudomonas sp. (Burlage et al., 1990; Kuncova et al., 2016), Acinetobacter sp. (Jiang et al., 2015, 2017) and Bacillus sp. (Tauriainen et al., 1998). They are good candidates for WCBs sensing petroleum hydrocarbons. They have strong activities in natural environment and robustness for storage and immobilization to meet the requirement of on-line and in-situ detection in environmental matrices. For example, Acinetobacter sp. has natural transformation properties and can be easily genetically modified on chromosome (de Berardinis, Durot, Weissenbach, & Salanoubat, 2009). Therefore, WCBs integrating both regulatory promoter and reporter gene on the chromosome of Acinetobacter sp. can express more stable signals than the plasmid-based WCBs. Besides, Acinetobacter sp. and Pseudomonas sp. can survive in oligotrophic medium and their response to petroleum hydrocarbons is more convincing to represent the availability and toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons to indigenous microbes and ecosystems. WCBs based on Pseudomonas (Trogl et al., 2012) and Acinetobacter are increasingly used for the detection of benzene compounds (Huang et al., 2008) and salicylic acid (Huang et al., 2006). Another study shows the feasibility of marine microorganism Alcanivorax sp., which can utilize alkanes, as WCBs to detect petroleum hydrocarbons in seawater (Kumari et al., 2011). The wide selection of host strains for the construction of WCBs has enlarged the application of toxicity assessment from aqueous solutions to various environmental matrices, showing advantages of less pretreatment comparing to chemical analysis. Nevertheless, these indigenous environmental strains might suffer from lack of normative gene manipulation methods and well-established gene regulatory mechanisms, leading to difficulties in designing and optimizing WCBs. More works need to be explored for illuminating their physiological and genomic features.