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Designing for Lower Torso and Leg Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
The tibia and fibula, bones of the anatomical leg, connect the knee and the ankle. The tibia bears body weight through the femur. Locate your tibia by palpating the inside of your leg just below your knee and the bony ridge down the front of the leg. The tibia articulates with a large bone of the rear foot, the talus (refer to Section 8.1.1 to learn more about the ankle joint). Feel the tibial medial malleolus at the inside of the ankle joint. Feel the other bone of the lower leg, the slender fibula, on the outside of your leg. Find the fibular head, the bony prominence on the outside of the leg, toward the back of your knee. This feature articulates with the tibia’s lateral condyle in a minimally movable joint. At the bottom of the fibula, find the lateral malleolus at the lateral side of the ankle. The lateral and medial malleoli (plural of malleolus) help stabilize the ankle joint. Baseball catchers’ articulated protective leg pads, which cover from the distal femur to the top of the foot, are a good example of a functional and protective wearable product for an entire section of the lower limb (Rosciam, 2010). See Figure 5.13-B.
Musculoskeletal system
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Ankle injuries may include fractures of the distal fibula (lateral malleolus), medial distal tibia (medial malleolus) and posterior distal tibia; talar shift and displacement; fracture of the talus; separation of the distal tibiofibular joint (syndesmosis injury); ligament rupture with joint instability. Salter–Harris fractures of the distal tibia and fibula are common in children.
Biomechanical comparisons of back and front squats with a straight bar and four squats with a transformer bar
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2020
Maja Goršič, LuAnna E. Rochelle, Jacob S. Layer, Derek T. Smith, Domen Novak, Boyi Dai
Marker positions and ground reaction forces were filtered via a fourth-order, zero-phase Butterworth filter with a low-pass cut-off of 15 Hz. The same cut-off frequency for both kinematic and force data was recommended by a previous study (Kristianslund et al., 2012). The low-back was defined as the midpoint between the left and right iliac crests. The hip joint was defined as a fixed point in the pelvis reference frame (Bell et al., 1989). The knee joint was defined as the midpoint between the medial and lateral femoral condyles. The ankle joint was defined as the midpoint between the medial and lateral malleolus. The joint centres and markers used to define segment reference frames were calibrated during the static trial and recreated during squat trials using the singular decomposition method (Soderkvist & Wedin, 1993).
Biomechanical study of different fixation methods for posterior malleolus fracture
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Dandan Sun, Gengqiang Shi, Kewei Du
At present, the treatment of displaced posterior malleolus fracture mainly includes lag screws fixation and posterior plate fixation, but there is still much debate about the best clinical treatment of posterior malleolus fracture. Anwar et al. (2018) compared the biomechanical efficiency of three different fixed methods (AP lag screw, PA lag screw and buttress plate) in three different fracture blocks involved with 30%, 40% and 50% of the articular surface, the results showed that the strength of the buttress plate was best. However, Mansur et al. (2021) showed that PA lag screw can provide greater biomechanical strength than plates.