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Molecular Approaches for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants
Published in Hasanuzzaman Mirza, Nahar Kamrun, Fujita Masayuki, Oku Hirosuke, Tofazzal M. Islam, Approaches for Enhancing Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants, 2019
Sushma Mishra, Dipinte Gupta, Rajiv Ranjan
It has been reported that most of the genes induced by drought or salt stress are also induced by abscisic acid treatment (Xiang et al., 2007). In fact, a common and quick response of plant cells to osmotic stress is to increase the concentration of ABA (also known as the stress hormone), which triggers gene expression and also causes the stomatal closure to prevent intracellular water loss (Fujita et al., 2005; Tuteja, 2007). The majority of the stress-induced ABA-regulated genes share the conserved ABA-responsive cis element (ABRE; Yamaguchi-Shinozaki and Shinozaki, 2005) in their promoter region. Various transcription factors such as DREB2A/2B, AREB1 and MYC/MYB are known to regulate the ABA-mediated responses through interacting with their corresponding cis-acting elements such as DRE/CRT, ABRE and MYCRS/MYBRS, respectively. When ABA binds to its receptor in the cytoplasm, the signal is relayed to AREB TFs to regulate ABA-dependent gene expression.
Roles of phytohormones in mitigating abiotic stress in plants induced by metal(loid)s As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2023
Zhi-Hua Dai, Dong-Xing Guan, Jochen Bundschuh, Lena Q. Ma
Furthermore, auxin regulates lateral root formation by working with jasmonate. For example, the application of jasmonate increases the lateral roots, suggesting that jasmonate may counteract As/Cd effects, specifically on lateral roots (Ronzan et al., 2019). The interactions between jasmonate and auxin signaling pathways activate root steam cells to promote plant root growth (Betti et al., 2021). The MYB gene family consists of a vast and diverse class of proteins, which involve from cell cycle and morphogenesis to stress signaling regulations. Auxin-salicylic acid crosstalk under metal(loid)-stress is regulated by the signaling network of the OsMYB-R1 transcription factor. Tolerance to Cr stress in rice plants is observed in OsMYB-R1-overexpressing lines, which manifests by a significant increase in lateral root and higher auxin accumulation (Tiwari et al., 2020). However, the auxin signaling routes mostly appear to function as a downstream component to those phytohormones in plants (Mathur et al., 2022).
The roles of membrane transporters in arsenic uptake, translocation and detoxification in plants
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2021
In plants, the expression of some phosphate transporter genes responsive to phosphate starvation can be induced by As(V) exposure, suggesting a similarity in the signaling of As(V) exposure and phosphate starvation for phosphate/As(V) transporters. It is possible that phosphate signaling responsive transcription factors may play a role in regulating As(V) metabolism in plants. In Arabidopsis, four WRKY transcription factors (WRKY6, WRKY42, WRKY45 and WRKY75) have been implicated in the phosphate starvation signaling (Chen et al., 2009; Devaiah et al., 2007; Su et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2014). Two of them, WRKY6 and WRKY45, have been reported to regulate As(V) uptake by regulating the expression of AtPHT1;1 (Castrillo et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2014). WRKY6 restricts As(V) induced transcriptional activation of transposons and downregulates the expression of the phosphate/As(V) transporter gene AtPHT1;1 (Castrillo et al., 2013). In response to As(V) exposure, AtPHT1;1 is delocalized from the plasma membrane to endosome to further dampen the uptake of As(V) (Castrillo et al., 2013). In contrast, WRKY45 can directly bind to the two W-boxes within the AtPHT1;1 promoter and positively regulates As(V) uptake by inducing AtPHT1;1 expression (Wang et al., 2014). Whether the other two WRKY transcription factors, WRKY42 and WRKY75, also play a role in regulating As(V) uptake in plants remains to be investigated. Similarly, a MYB transcription factor, OsPHR2, which is involved in phosphate-starvation signaling, has been reported to regulate As(V) uptake in rice. Overexpression of OsPHR2 in rice increased the uptake and translocation of As(V) by positively regulating OsPHT1;8 expression (Wu et al., 2011).