China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Herbal Therapies
Published in Anil K. Sharma, Raj K. Keservani, Surya Prakash Gautam, Herbal Product Development, 2020
H. Shahrul, M. L. Tan, A. H. Auni, S. R. Nur, S. M. N. Nurul
However, not many recent trials were conducted specifically to look at neuroprotective roles of ginseng or ginsenosides. The latest one was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that enrolled patients from multiple centers across China who had received a clinical diagnosis of primary acute ischaemic stroke (Liu et al., 2012). Selected patients were randomly given intravenous infusion of either Ginsenoside Rd or placebo. The results from the trial demonstrated that ginsenoside-Rd improved the disability in patients with acute ischemic stroke as measured by the modified Rankin scale (mRs) at 90 days. Besides, neurologic functioning also improved after 15 days based on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Ginsenoside-Rd appears to improve the primary outcome of acute ischemic stroke and had an acceptable adverse-event profile (Liu et al., 2012). However, other recent clinical trial usually involved combination of ginsenosides with other components. For example, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design randomized controlled trial conducted to assess the effects of a combination of omega 3 essential fatty acids, green tea catechins, and ginsenosides on cognition and brain functioning in healthy older adults, one-month supplementation with a combination of all three substances was associated with changes in cognitive functioning as well as modification of brain activation and brain functional connectivity in cognitively healthy older adults (Carmichael et al., 2018). Unfortunately, in this trial, the exact effects of ginsenosides were unclear.
Functional electrical stimulation compared with ankle-foot orthosis in subacute post stroke patients with foot drop: A pilot study
Published in Assistive Technology, 2021
Naama Karniel, Eitan Raveh, Isabella Schwartz, Sigal Portnoy
Both groups showed improved gait velocity following 4 weeks of treatment as the median velocity increased by 0.11 m/s and 0.17 m/s (calculated from the 10MWT), for the AFO and FES groups, respectively (Table 2). These data agree with the findings reported in a recent review (Prenton et al., 2018), where AFO and FES contributed equally to the improvement in gait speed. The minimal clinically important difference for comfortable gait speed associated with an improvement in a global index of disability (the modified Rankin Scale) for people between 20 and 60 days following stroke was found to be 0.16 m/s (Tilson et al., 2010). As the median improvement in gait velocity in the FES group was above this threshold, whereas the difference was far below this value for the AFO group, this might point to a more effective gait of the FES group, allowing higher levels of participation in the subacute stage.
An update on intrasaccular flow disruption for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2019
Matthias Gawlitza, Sébastien Soize, Pierre-François Manceau, Laurent Pierot
WEB-IT was a prospective multicenter single-arm study conducted at 25 US and 6 international centers. One hundred and fifty patients (mean age 59 years (range 29–79), 110 (73.3%) of the patients were female) treated for 150 aneurysms were enrolled. Aneurysms were located at the BA (59/150; 39.3%), MCA (45/150; 30%), AComA (40/150; 26.7%), and ICAt (6/150; 4%). Nine aneurysms presented with rupture (9/150; 6%). At 1 month, one primary safety event (0.7%) occurred, which consisted of delayed parenchymal hemorrhage 22 days after treatment. In addition there were two patients in whom a periprocedural stroke caused a persisting neurological deficit (modified Rankin Scale score of 1 at 30 days). Some other minor complications did not meet the prospectively established criteria for primary safety events. Currently long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up is pending and has not yet been published [28].
Computer-aided detection and characterization of stroke lesion – a short review on the current state-of-the art methods
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2018
The following issues/challenges need to be addressed to take the research activities on automated computer-aided diagnosis of stroke to the next level. Availability of comprehensive benchmark datasets: A wide range of datasets pertaining to different controls from different geographical regions should be collected and made available to the research community to access them. Most of the researches were currently addressed with limited datasets over restricted clinical trials. There is certainly a need to evaluate these developed frameworks by utilizing a large number of clinical databases gathered from multicentre clinical trials.Efficient segmentation of penumbral and infarct tissues: Most of the current literature was focused towards detection and delineation of stroke lesion. Significant attention should be paid to delineate the penumbral and infarct tissues separately from the input images. Several studies were conducted in the past five years for studying the properties of penumbral tissues. However, either these studies were generally carried out on animal data [100–107] or they were carried out as restricted clinical studies [31,33,108,109].The outcome of stroke is generally assessed based on modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and it is presented in Table 10. If an end-to-end automated system is developed for identifying the penumbral tissues, it could serve as a great aid for the neurologists in operating those tissues and bringing back them to the normal condition i.e. this will result in achieving good stroke outcomes of ≤ ‘2’ in mRS.Unimodal vs Multimodal data analysis: To identify the penumbral tissues, PWI and DWI were utilized as the current standard. The mismatched region obtained from DWI and PWI was considered for estimating the area of the penumbral tissues. If the area of the penumbral region is greater than the infarct core, then re-perfusion therapy (intravenous injection or/and mechanical thrombectomy) could be recommended for the patient. This will result in reaching good outcomes against the paralytic attack. Also, the patients might reach the grading factor of less than or equal to ‘2’ in mRS. However, there are some difficulties associated with PWI. It generally takes longer time for acquisition. Hence, the future research should also focus on developing approaches to identify the penumbral region directly from DWI images.Dynamic simulation on evolution of stroke lesion: The research on automated analysis would be complete only when the dynamic simulation/progression of lesion structures along time is quantified properly with combined clinical knowledge and underlying radiological imaging aspects i.e. the system should describe whether the treated penumbral tissues were moving towards salvageable or dead state.