China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Designing for Lower Torso and Leg Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Large paired muscles, the psoas major and iliacus, are found deep inside the lower torso (see Figure 5.15-B). The psoas originates deep inside the torso, from the anterolateral lumbar vertebrae. The iliacus originates from the interior aspect of the ilium. They merge into one muscle, commonly called the iliopsoas, as the muscles leave the lower torso. The iliopsoas attaches to the lesser trochanter of the femur (refer to Figure 5.10) and flexes the hip joint. You can feel the iliopsoas in action where it passes through the groin—the junction between the leg and your lower abdomen. While seated, palpate the area about half-way between your pubic symphysis and the side of your hip. Raise your leg and feel for movement of a narrow band of muscle, the iliopsoas. Tight products that encircle this intersection—such as underwear and swimwear elastic bands, as well as very tight jeans—may be uncomfortable, chafe, and could cause skin breakdown over the muscle.
A simple and effective 1D-element discrete-based method for computational bone remodeling
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2022
Diego Quexada-Rodríguez, Kalenia Márquez-Flórez, Miguel Cerrolaza, Carlos Duque-Daza, Olfa Trabelsi, M.A Velasco, Salah Ramtani, Marie Christine Ho-Ba-Tho, Diego Garzón-Alvarado
In the first medical case, a zone with less density called Ward’s triangle (in honor to Ward, who first described the internal structure of the proximal femur in 1938) can be seen between the ogival system of the trochanteric plateau and the cervicocephalic support system. This is an important region because cervicotrochanteric fractures originate here in people of advanced age (Martín and Kochen 2011). The calcar, which extends from the posteromedial cortex in the femoral neck to the distal part of the lesser trochanter, is identified with a high bone density in the final topologies. This is an important fact since this region helps to support stems from implants, which need a dense cancellous bone for a proper anchorage; for this reason, numerous fixation methods have been proposed on this zone, see (Cha et al. 2019 and Peng et al. 2020).
Towards 2D/3D Registration of the Preoperative MRI to Intraoperative Fluoroscopic Images for Visualisation of Bone Defects
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Ping-Cheng Ku, Alejandro Martin-Gomez, Cong Gao, Robert Grupp, Simon C. Mears, Mehran Armand
The proposed pipeline for the core decompression study requires preoperative MRI and CT volumes from the same patient, and preoperative MRI annotations such as AVN lesion segmentation and core decompression planning device paths. To acquire the initial relative poses between the MRI and CT volumes, reliable methods of determining the local anatomical coordinate system (ACS) are necessary. To construct the femoral ACS, three anatomical landmarks are manually annotated in the CT volumes prior to the experiments: the centre of the femoral head (FH), the tip of the superoposterior facet of the greater trochanter (GTR), and the tip of the lesser trochanter (LTR) (Domb and Carreira 2013). An example of the femoral ACS is shown in Figure 3.
Development of a model to predict 3D femur morphology in infants and young children
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization, 2023
Keyonna McKinsey, Angela Thompson, Raymond Dsouza, Gina Bertocci
Landmark points (n = 29) identifying key femoral morphological features apparent across the entire age range were defined (Figure 2). For the sole use of consistently identifying landmarks across the femurs, reference lines defining anatomical directions (e.g. anterior-posterior) were defined such that 1) the longitudinal reference line was set as the longitudinal centre of the diaphysis, 2) the medial/lateral reference line was defined as a line connecting the most posterior points of the medial and lateral condyles, and 3) the anterior/posterior reference line was orthogonal to both the longitudinal and medial/lateral reference lines. The longitudinal centre of the diaphysis was defined by fitting a centreline, a predefined Mimics function, to the surface contours of the selected diaphyseal region. The diaphysis was defined as the central 50% of the femur length. Four diaphyseal landmarks (most anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral points) at three different cross-sections along the diaphysis (25%, 50%, and 75% of femur length) were selected. For the proximal metaphysis, landmarks were selected to describe the proximal femoral growth plate (n = 4), the most lateral and posterior aspects of the greater trochanter (n = 2), and the lesser trochanter (n = 1). For the distal metaphysis, landmarks were selected to describe the distal condyles (n = 8, anterior-posterior on medial and lateral condyles, medial/lateral, and distal aspects of medial and lateral condyles) and the intercondylar notch (n = 2; anterior-posterior aspects). All landmarks were identified by one author. The nodal coordinates on the triangular mesh associated with the 29 identified landmarks were recorded for each femur model.