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Designing for Upper Torso and Arm Anatomy
Published in Karen L. LaBat, Karen S. Ryan, Human Body, 2019
Arm motions originating at the glenohumeral joint include: flexion/extension movements in a sagittal plane; abduction/adduction motion in a coronal plane; and—in a transverse plane—medial/lateral rotation of the humerus. Many muscles contribute to arm flexion (Figure 4.37). Pectoral girdle muscles: the deltoid, part of the pectoralis major, and the latissimus dorsi are large superficial muscles active in flexing and extending the humerus on the scapula. The flexion motion, starting with the arm hanging next to the body, is approximately 170 degrees. Arm extension from the same position is approximately 60 degrees. (Note the motions are based on a 360-degree system; see Section 2.4.3.) The biceps brachii contributes to the flexion motion. The triceps brachii contributes to glenohumeral joint extension.
Swimming
Published in Paul Grimshaw, Michael Cole, Adrian Burden, Neil Fowler, Instant Notes in Sport and Exercise Biomechanics, 2019
Possible solutions to a shoulder impingement problem include the following: during the entry and pull phase of the stroke, the swimmer should try to avoid a large elevation angle at entry and rather increase the tilt angle of the arm to achieve the optimum position. Similarly, the swimmer should avoid a fully extended elbow on entry. The swimmer could also help to resist the forcible elevation caused by entry and catch by developing the shoulder extensor muscles: namely latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, teres major and triceps brachii. Also, a streamlined hand entry position is advisable. During recovery, the swimmer should try to achieve external rotation of the shoulder early in the recovery phase in order to have time to prepare the hand and arm for re-entry to the water.
Electromyography of upper extremity muscles and ergonomic applications
Published in Kumar Shrawan, Mital Anil, Electromyography in Ergonomics, 2017
The adduction of the arm, caused by the pectoralis major, andthe latissimus dorsi.
Design of a transfer robot for the assistance of elderly and disabled
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2021
Ruikai Wu, Jingchuan Wang, Weidong Chen, Pu Wang
Standing up motion is generated when the hip joint and knee joint extend together. Vastus medialis (VM), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), medial biceps femoris (MBF), lateral biceps femoris (LBF), tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastrocnemius (MG) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) are mainly activated when the hip joint and knee joint extend [17]. Therefore, the above eight muscles were selected. Besides, the robot assists the user in standing by applying force to the upper limbs, so pectoralis major (PM), anterior deltoid (AD), biceps (BI), triceps (TR), brachioradialis (BR), erector spinae (ES) and latissimus dorsi (LD) were also selected in this experiment. The wireless EMG signal sensors were attached to the muscle abdomen of 15 muscles of the subject’s right side as shown in Figure 9. The maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of EMG signals was used to represent the maximum force of the user during the standing process to evaluate whether the robot can effectively reduce the user’s lower limb muscles force during the standing process.
Muscle activation in suspension training: a systematic review
Published in Sports Biomechanics, 2020
Joan Aguilera-Castells, Bernat Buscà, Azahara Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, Alicia M. Montalvo, Javier Peña
Muscle activations during suspension inverted rows, suspension prone bridges and suspension hamstring curls are reported in Figures 4, 5, and 6, respectively. For suspension inverted row, activations of latissimus dorsi, middle trapezius, posterior deltoid, and biceps brachii were very high (>60% MVIC). Activations of core muscles (transversus abdominis and internal oblique, rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, lumbar multifidus) were low (<21% MVIC). In suspension prone bridge, activations of some core muscles (transversus abdominis and internal oblique, rectus abdominis, external oblique) ranged from high to very high (>41% MVIC), while activations of other core muscles (serratus anterior, lumbar multifidus, erector spinae, rectus femoris) ranged from moderate to low (<40% MVIC). For suspension hamstring curl, activations of biceps femoris and semitendinosus were very high (>60% MVIC). Activations of some core muscles (transversus abdominis and internal oblique, and lumbar multifidus) were high (41–60% MVIC) while others (external oblique and rectus abdominis) ranged from moderate to low (<40% MVIC).
Sex differences in glenohumeral muscle activation and coactivation during a box lifting task
Published in Ergonomics, 2019
Jason Bouffard, Romain Martinez, André Plamondon, Julie N. Côté, Mickaël Begon
Hand contact force, EMG and kinematic signals were synchronously recorded with Vicon Nexus software at 2000, 2000 and 200 Hz, respectively. Force signals were acquired through the right instrumented handle of the box (Sensix SH2653-1106B3, Poitiers, France) and were solely used to detect the beginning and the end of each trial in the present study. Surface and intramuscular EMG signals (Trigno EMG Wireless System, Delsys, USA) were recorded from different muscles for different subgroups of participants, as indicated in Table 1. Surface EMG was recorded from the following seven muscles crossing the dominant glenohumeral joint: anterior deltoid (DeltA), lateral deltoid (DeltL), posterior deltoid (DeltP), pectoralis major (Pect), latissimus dorsi (Lat), biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii long head (TB). Electrodes were placed according to the SENIAM recommendations (Hermens et al. 2000), after shaving and cleaning the skin with alcohol. Intramuscular EMG was recorded for the infraspinatus (Infra), supraspinatus (Supra) and subscapularis (Subscap) muscles (Kadaba et al. 1992; Perotto and Delagi 2005). A series of 12 submaximal voluntary contractions were performed to validate the electrode placement. Then, the same muscle contractions were performed twice at maximal voluntary intensity for normalisation purposes, in line with the recommendations of Dal Maso, Marion, and Begon (2016).