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Fish Lateral Line Inspired Perception and Flow-Aided Control: A Review
Published in Guangming Xie, Xingwen Zheng, Bionic Sensing with Artificial Lateral Line Systems for Fish-Like Underwater Robots, 2022
Any phenomenon in nature is potential to be an inspiration for us to propose new ideas. Lateral line is a typical example which has attracted more interest in recent years. With the aid of lateral line, fish is capable of acquiring fluid information around, which is of great significance for them to survive, communicate and hunt underwater. In this chapter, we briefly introduce the morphology and mechanism of the lateral line first. Then we focus on the development of artificial lateral line, which typically consists of an array of sensors and can be installed on underwater robots. A series of sensors inspired by the lateral line with different sensing principles have been summarized. And then the applications of artificial lateral line systems in hydrodynamic environment sensing and vortices detection, dipole oscillation source detection, and autonomous control of underwater robots have been reviewed. In addition, the existing problems and future foci in this field have been further discussed in detail. The current works and future foci have demonstrated that artificial lateral line has great potentials of applications and contributes to the development of underwater robots.
Adaptation of Life to Extreme Conditions
Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang, Our Animal Connection, 2020
Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang
It is interesting that the hearing of fish is really good. Scientists have found that although many fish do not have long ears outside, there are specially designed sound receivers that can transmit sound waves to the liquid-filled tubular structure in the inner ear. These pipes have special fine hairs, called cilia, that can transmit sound pulses through a series of complex mechanisms and chemical reactions to the brains of the fish where they are processed. The otolith is part of the auditory system and is connected to sensory cells and plays a major role in the auditory/balancing mechanism of teleosts.c Scientists rely on otoliths to discriminate the type of fish. Via otoliths it is further possible to determine the age of a fish, because the otolith grows a concentric circle each year as the fish develops. Under the microscope, scientists can see and count these concentric circles. Fish vision is also highly developed. Nearly all daylight fish have color vision. Many fish species also have chemoreceptors that are responsible for extraordinary senses of taste and smell. Most fish have sensitive receptors that form the lateral line system (consisting of an array of sensors called neuromasts along the length of the fish’s body), which detects gentle currents and vibrations, and senses the motion of nearby fish and prey. For example, sharks can sense frequencies in the range of 25–50 Hz through their lateral line. Fish orient themselves using landmarks and may use mental maps based on multiple landmarks or symbols. Fish behavior in mazes reveals that they possess spatial memory.
Swarm Intelligence
Published in Richard E. Neapolitan, Xia Jiang, Artificial Intelligence, 2018
Richard E. Neapolitan, Xia Jiang
Partridge [1982] conducted experiments providing a physical description of the behavior of a school of fish. The lateral line in a fish is a sense organ used to detect movement and vibration in the surrounding water. In Partridge’s experiment, blinded fish with intact lateral lines swam farther from their neighbors than fish with vision. However, sighted fish with lateral lines removed swam close to other fish but tended to collide with them. Fish with both sensory systems disabled did not stay with the school at all. These findings indicate that a fish uses local observations (vibration in the water) to avoid collisions and sight (possibly local) to stay with the school.
Adult sea lamprey respond to induced turbulence in a low current system
Published in Journal of Ecohydraulics, 2021
D. P. Zielinski, S. Miehls, G. Burns, C. Coutant
Manipulation of water flow (e.g., velocity, turbulence) is a standard environmental stimulus used to attract and guide fish towards fishway entrances or away from high mortality routes (Castro-Santos and Haro 2010). Fish are specially equipped to detect minute water movements and respond to large- and small-scale hydraulic patterns typical of flowing rivers (Liao 2007; Nestler et al. 2008; Webb 2014). Fish detect velocity gradients and mean water flow using their lateral line system which is made up of a network of superficial and canal neuromasts (i.e., sensory hair cells). Whenever energy is applied to water (e.g., via water moving past an object or convergence of river channels) hydraulic signatures in the form of velocity gradients and turbulence are generated. These signatures are detected and used by fish to perform numerous life cycle functions including migration, prey detection, and predator avoidance. Laboratory and observational studies have demonstrated the significance of numerous hydraulic characteristics such as velocity, turbulence, shear stress, circulation patterns, eddy size, and streaming or plunging flow on fish movement (Silva et al. 2018).
Why cylindrical screens in the Columbia River (USA) entrain few fish
Published in Journal of Ecohydraulics, 2020
Despite empirical generic evidence that fluid dynamics alone at the nose of the CGS intake system may be responsible for negligible entrainment, behavioral avoidance is likely involved also. It is useful to view the dynamics at screen systems, including at CGS, from the perspective of the fish (Coutant 1999). Swimming or drifting fish, even in larval stages, are known to detect and avoid obstacles, which is stimulated by changes in water pressure and flow. Fish have a lateral line system of water-filled tubes in their skin for detecting water flow and pressure in their surroundings (Bleckmann 2007). The system is connected to the surrounding water and contains cells that detect water movement within the tubes. Most prominent along each side of a fish (thus called the ‘lateral line’ system) it also occurs in the head. It often is the location for formation of air bubbles in gas-supersaturated water in Columbia River basin salmon (Coutant and Genoway 1968; Dawley and Ebel 1975). The lateral line system appears early in the development of fish (Blaxter 1986), and is well developed by the time salmonid alevins such as those in the Hanford Reach emerge from spawning gravels.