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Microbial Growth and Its Control
Published in Maria Csuros, Csaba Csuros, Klara Ver, Microbiological Examination of Water and Wastewater, 2018
Maria Csuros, Csaba Csuros, Klara Ver
Iodine is one of the oldest and most effective antiseptics. Iodine is effective against all kinds of bacteria, many endospores, various fungi, and some viruses. Iodine is available as an aqueous alcoholic solution and as an Iodophor. lodophor is a combination of iodine with one organic molecule. lodophor has the antimicrobial effect of iodine but does not stain, is less irritating than iodine, and is commercially available as Betadine and Isodine. The main use of iodine is for skin disinfecting and wound treatment.
Iodine for vegetable production and livestock breeding
Published in Tatsuo Kaiho, Iodine Made Simple, 2017
Currently, the most widespread dipping agent in Japan is iodine-based (iodine, potassium iodide, nonoxynol iodine, povidone iodine, etc.), followed by a fatty acid-based dipping agent (glycerin fatty acid ester). Other agents used by farmers include chlorhexidine gluconate and sodium hypochlorite. The most commonly used iodine-based product is called iodophor, and various hydrophilic additives are included to stabilize iodine.
Good management practices of venomous snakes in captivity to produce biological venom-based medicines: achieving replicability and contributing to pharmaceutical industry
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2021
Lucilene Santos, Cristiano Oliveira, Barbara Marques Vasconcelos, Daniela Vilela, Leonardo Melo, Lívia Ambrósio, Amanda da Silva, Leticia Murback, Jacqueline Kurissio, Joeliton Cavalcante, Claudia Vilalva Cassaro, Luciana Barros, Benedito Barraviera, Rui Seabra Ferreira
The handling of snakes needs to be carried out by specialized and trained personnel properly equipped with PPE previously described. Before handling each animal, the herpetological hooks are dipped in a disinfectant solution based on Iodophor complex, with 2.25% (v/v) free iodine (Biofor®). The professionals responsible for this system need to observe the animals daily, cleaning, or changing the boxes when necessary. In addition, pertinent observations such as date of ecdysis or feeding are also noted on the individual snake record. The animals are offered water only 3 d a week. This procedure was adopted based upon the findings of Biscola et al. (2011), who identified the presence of antibodies to Leptospira spp. and Leptospira spp. by microscopic agglutination test (MAT) and PCR. This procedure was maintained also to avoid microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) colonizing the polypropylene boxes. It is noteworthy that many of the snakes were found ill due to these infestations (Campagner et al. 2012). Consequently, it is important to avoid viral epidemics that occurred in the serpentarium’s facilities in which approximately 90% of the animals died (Nogueira et al. 2002).