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Cardiovascular system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Figures 9.35a,b show the major branches of the thoracic and abdominal aorta. The abdominal aorta bifurcates into the right and left common iliac arteries, usually at the level of L4. Each common iliac artery further divides into the internal iliac artery, which supplies the pelvis, and the external iliac artery, which continues down the leg to become the common femoral artery (CFA) once it crosses below the inguinal ligament. A few centimetres below the inguinal ligament the CFA divides into the deep (profunda femoris, PFA) and superficial femoral (SFA) arteries.
Effect of rheological models on pulsatile hemodynamics in a multiply afflicted descending human aortic network
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Sumit Kumar, B.V. Rathish Kumar, S.K. Rai, Om Shankar
It is found from the previous studies that substantial volume of work on patient-specific and idealized geometry-based blood flow numerical simulation in healthy and diseased arteries but there has been little reporting on numerical analysis of flow in vessels associated with numerous cardiovascular illnesses such as abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and right internal iliac artery stenosis (RIIAS). AAA and lower extremity disease (LEAD), such as RIIAS, are two of the most serious arterial illnesses affecting the cardiovascular system (Wong et al. 2012; Mahé et al. 2015), and they need to be addressed thoroughly in 3 D with realistic clinical data. Also, it has been found that in descending abdominal aorta, the analysis of non-Newtonian blood rheology has not been explored for its potential in defining the hemodynamic parameters across the variable arterial length and diameter. Therefore, an effort has been made to examine the behavior of various rheological models in a realistic 3 D model of an artery with both AAA and RIIAS based on CT subject data in order to enrich, sharpen, and improve the clinical diagnostic information pertinent to the complicated arterial disease.
Technical success and outcomes using a flexible bifurcated stent graft (AorfixTM) in abdominal aortic aneurysms: a systematic review
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2021
Aazeb Khan, Emily Khoo, Vivak Hansrani, Mohamed Banihani, Haisum Qayyum, George A. Antoniou, Bella Huasen
The majority of the complications listed in Table 3 occurred due to partial or complete coverage of a visceral aortic branch by the endograft, or limb occlusion. There were four reported cases of acute limb ischemia, requiring intervention, of which three were within 2 days of the primary procedure [12,13], and the fourth patient presented on day 14 post procedure due to endograft limb occlusion [16]. Internal iliac artery occlusion reported in 12 patients (planned in one only) had mild buttock claudication symptoms and required no intervention. One author reports an ipsilateral external iliac artery occlusion occurring due to damage from the delivery system [7]. There were two reported cases of bowel ischemia, one managed conservatively [13], and the other patient died due to bowel infarction found on laparotomy [12]. Out of the four patients reported to have renal impairment, only one required renal artery stenting [13], but none of them required any renal support.
Hemodynamic investigation of a patient-specific abdominal aortic aneurysm with iliac artery tortuosity
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2018
Yue Qiu, Ding Yuan, Ye Wang, Jun Wen, Tinghui Zheng
Thin-slice CTA images of the AAA were obtained (Figure 1a) using the second-generation DSCT (Somatom Definition, SimensHealthcare) with the following parameters: 512 × 512 × 700, pixel spacing: 0.785/0.785 with a resolution of 1.274 pixels per mm and 1 mm slice thickness. The three-dimensional AAA geometry was then reconstructed from CTA images using the commercially available software Mimics (version 14.0; Materialise, Plymouth, Mich). This patient-specific AAA showed marked bulging of the right-anterior wall (Figure 1b) and the two iliac arteries were twisted backward. Specifically, the non-expanding aorta segment of this AAA had a length of about 47 mm starting from the renal artery, and the corresponding diameter was about 18 mm. In addition, the diameters and lengths of the left and right CIAs were 15 mm, 18 mm, 68 mm and 88 mm respectively, the diameters of the left and right external and internal iliac artery (LEIA, LIIA, REIA and RIIA) were 8 mm, 10 mm, 9 mm and 12 mm respectively. Moreover, the diameter of the stenosed part of the right CIA was 13 mm.