China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
Stuart Weisman, Arthur Kavanaugh
In rheumatoid arthritis, IL-lβ is present in large quantities in the synovial fluid and synovial tissue.47 Interleukin-1 β can stimulate metalloproteinase expression, adhesion molecule expression, secretion of other cytokines, and prostaglandin production. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist is a naturally occurring competitive inhibitor for IL-la and IL-lβ. IL-1 Ra binds to the IL-1R1 (interleukin-1 receptor) without transducing a signal, thus blocking the ability of interleukin la or 1 β to bind to the receptor. In November 2001, anakinra was approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Anakinra is a recombinant form of the naturally occurring interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (ILl-Ra) produced using E. coli.
Toxicity and occupational exposure assessment for hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) alternative jet fuels
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2020
Teresa R. Sterner, Brian A. Wong, Karen L. Mumy, R. Arden James, James Reboulet, Darol E. Dodd, Richard C. Striebich, David R. Mattie
There were only minimal changes in gene expression at 200 mg/m3. The predominant changes in gene expression occurred at 2000 mg/m3 and predominantly involved chemokine genes. Overall, male and female rats displayed similar concentration response effects, both in magnitude and direction of changes in gene expression. More specifically, a single gene (IL1F6 = Interleukin 1 family member 6) was significantly upregulated at ≥200 mg/m3; fold changes were less than 2 across exposures. At 700 mg/m3 there were 32 genes with significant differential expression and 53 at 2000 mg/m3, with 29 of those common to both concentrations. The magnitude of changes in gene expression at the 200 and 700 mg/m3 was low, however, with only a single gene (SPP1, Secreted Phosphoprotein 1) demonstrating a fold change greater than 2 (2.8 at 700 mg/m3) with an elevation to 16.2 at 2000 mg/m3. There were 13 genes at 2000 mg/m3 that exhibited a fold change of greater than 2. The 13 included SPP1, integrin alpha M (ITGAM), interleukin 1 receptor type II (IL1R2), and C-C motif chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8); 9 were chemokine ligands (CCL2, CCL12 CCL22, CCL7, CCL17, CCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11 and CXCL6).
Optimizing the biodegradability and osteogenesis of biogenic collagen membrane via fluoride-modified polymer-induced liquid precursor process
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2023
Xiyan Li, Chuangji Li, Mengxi Su, Xinyi Zhong, Yihan Xing, Zhengjie Shan, Shoucheng Chen, Xingchen Liu, Xiayi Wu, Quan Liu, Ye Li, Shiyu Wu, Zhuofan Chen
Cells were stimulated with the conditioned medium of collagen membranes for 24 h. Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Life Technologies, U.S.A.) following the manufacturer’s instructions. RNA was reverse-transcribed into single-stranded cDNA using the TaKaRa PrimeScriptTM Master Mix (Perfect Real Time Kit; Takara, Japan). RT-PCR was performed on an equivalent quantity of cDNA using Hieff® qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix (No Rox; Yeasen, Shanghai, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The relative mRNA expression of inflammation-related genes [interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin- 6 (IL-6), nuclear factor kappa-B1 (NFκB1), and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1rn)], osteoclastogenesis-related genes [macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF)], angiogenic factors [vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)], osteogenesis- and fibrosis-related genes [transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and TGF-β3)], and collagenase [matrix metalloprotein 9, (MMP9)] were detected in the F-mBCM and blank groups. The relative mRNA expression of inflammation-related genes (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, NFκB1, and IL-1rn), osteoclastogenesis-related genes (MCSF), osteogenesis- and fibrosis-related genes [TGF-β1, TGF-β3, and oncostatin M, (OSM)], and collagenase (MMP9) were detected in the SF25 and blank groups. The 2−ΔΔCt method was used to calculate relative gene expression after normalization against the housekeeping gene glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Primers used in this study are listed in Supplementary Table S1.