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Outdoor Air Pollution
Published in William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel, Reversibility of Chronic Disease and Hypersensitivity, Volume 4, 2017
William J. Rea, Kalpana D. Patel
Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) (CD54, Cluster of Differentiation 54) is a protein in humans. This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed on endothelial cells and cells of the IS. It binds to integrins of type CD11a/CD18 or CD11b/CD18 and is also exploited by rhinovirus as a receptor.301
Physico-mechanical and biological evaluation of heparin/VEGF-loaded electrospun polycaprolactone/decellularized rat aorta extracellular matrix for small-diameter vascular grafts
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
John Patrick Cuenca, Hoe-Jin Kang, Md. Abdullah Al Fahad, Myeongki Park, Minji Choi, Hyun-Yong Lee, Byong-Taek Lee
ICAM-1 (Intercellular adhesion molecule 1) is another important genetic marker continuously expressed on endothelial cells and leukocytes [50]. Detachment of adhered endothelial cells from the surface of the graft after restoration of blood circulation hugely depends on leukocyte infiltration [51]. ICAM-1, which presents on endothelial cells, facilitates the transaction of leukocytes by binding leukocyte integrins during proinflammation. After 2 and 4 weeks of implantation, PCL (Figure 10a and d) grafts indicated no trace of this marker. PCL/ECM (Figure 10b and e) group showed a little presence of the marker, but no difference was found between the two time points. In this particular group, we observed that most of the markers are assembled around the inner surface. Contrastingly, the PCL/ECM/VEGF group showed significantly more ICAM-1 marker even after 2 weeks (Figure 10c) than did the other two groups, and after 4 weeks (Figure 10f) we could observe that the marker was not only assembled around the inner surface but also spread all over the graft. Finally, we can demonstrate that the addition of VEGF greatly influences the expression of ICAM-1, as is in accordance with previous studies [52,53]. It is important to notice that adding ECM can also slightly influence the expression, because ECM contains many biological molecules and growth factors including VEGF [54].