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Heat and Mass Transfer from Bubbles Rising through Pools
Published in J. T. Rogers, Fission Product Transport Processes in Reactor Accidents, 2020
The effect of impaction at the entrance is shown vividly in Tests SP11 and SP12 where SPARC’s predicted DF increases from 52 to 96 when the flow rate increases from 45 to 90 g/s. SPARC predicts higher DF’s than BUSCA for all the quencher discharge tests. The version of BUSCA used for the code comparison study did not include aerosol impaction at the entrance, but it is planned to include this effect in future versions.
Gastrointestinal system
Published in David A Lisle, Imaging for Students, 2012
Gallstone ileus refers to small bowel obstruction secondary to gallstone impaction. Gallstone ileus usually occurs in a setting of chronic cholecystitis where a large gallstone erodes through the inflamed gallbladder wall to enter the duodenum. The gallstone then becomes impacted in the distal small bowel causing small bowel obstruction.
A computational study of droplet-spray formation from pressurized metered dose inhalers with applications to drug deposition in a human lung-airway model
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2023
Karthik Sridhar, Sriram Chari, Clement Kleinstreuer
After validating the characteristics of the spray from the Ventolin pMDI, deposition studies were conducted in a 3D representative geometry of the mouth-throat segment in accordance with previous in vitro test results of pMDIs. The validated injection parameters were used in the deposition studies. The deposition simulations were first validated with the experimental results of Biswas, Hanania, and Sabharwal (2017) for selected cases. A 3D computational model of an inhaler attached to the mouth-throat segment of the oral cavity generated from MRI scans (see Figure 1a) similar to the model used in the experimental study (Biswas, Hanania, and Sabharwal 2017), was meshed with 1.2 million tetrahedral elements. The inhaler was tilted at an angle of 20 to prevent aerosol-impaction on the tongue. The position of the nozzle and the orientation of the spray used in this study are marked in Figure 1b. The 3D model and the specifications of the spray nozzle mentioned above were used in all the simulations conducted.
Factors affecting the diameter of ring-shaped deposition patterns in inertial impactors having small S/W ratios
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2022
The impaction plates were glass slides coated with a film of petroleum jelly. The coating process involved dipping the slides in a 1:10 v/v petroleum jelly/heptane solution. Upon extraction from the solution, excess solution was wicked from the edge of the slide and the slide was then placed flat under a fume hood for 30 min to dry. This process, originally due to Sethi and John (1993), results in a uniform petroleum jelly coating. The glass slide was mounted on an optical lens holder which was fixed on a six axis micrometer stage located directly beneath the nozzle. The stage was used to ensure that the plate was oriented perpendicular to the nozzle axis. The aerosol impaction time for each run was 10 min which ensured sufficient particle deposition to enable imaging of the deposition pattern.
Quantifying and improving the optical performance of the laser ablation aerosol particle time of flight mass spectrometer (LAAPToF) instrument
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2020
Maria A. Zawadowicz, Sara Lance, John T. Jayne, Philip Croteau, Douglas R. Worsnop, Fabian Mahrt, Thomas Leisner, Daniel J. Cziczo
Commonly used mass spectrometric techniques differ primarily in the method of vaporization and ionization of aerosol particles. One class of instruments, such as the Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), uses thermal vaporization via aerosol impaction on a resistively heated surface followed by electron impact ionization (DeCarlo et al. 2006; Jayne et al. 2000). Another, including PALMS, Aerosol Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ATOFMS) and LAAPToF, uses laser ablation and ionization (Cziczo et al. 2006; Pratt et al. 2009). This article focuses on the latter class of instruments, collectively termed Single Particle Mass Spectrometers (SPMSs). SPMS instruments have been covered in detail in several previous review papers (Coe and Allan 2006; Johnston 2000; Murphy 2007).