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Tissue Engineering in Reconstruction and Regeneration of Visceral Organs
Published in Rajesh K. Kesharwani, Raj K. Keservani, Anil K. Sharma, Tissue Engineering, 2022
Soma Mondal Ghorai, Sudhanshu Mishra
The large intestine comprises of four main regions: the cecum, the colon, the rectum, and the anus. Draining of chyme from the small intestine to the large intestine is controlled by the ileocecal valve, which is located between the ileum and the large intestine. Large intestine differs from small intestine in some notable ways such as the wall of the large intestine contains few enzyme-secreting cells and there are no circular folds or villi. The mucosa of the colon is simple columnar epithelium composed of enterocytes (absorptive cells) and goblet cells (Figure 7.7B). Mucus secreted by the goblet cells prevents the intestine from the harmful effects of acids and gases produced by enteric bacteria as well as helps in easy movement of the feces (Lopez et al., 2019). Intestinal bacteria also synthesize vitamins, which are absorbed by enterocytes along with water and salts. Both the small and the large intestines display many diverse patterns and are controlled by chemical and electrical interactions within smooth muscle, interstitial cells, mucosal epithelial layers, and intramural innervation. Such intricate complexity requires a multidisciplinary approach to regenerate functional intestine.
Types and site distributions of intestinal injuries in seat belt syndrome
Published in Traffic Injury Prevention, 2020
Yuta Yamamoto, Yusuke Miyagawa, Masato Kitazawa, Shugo Takahata, Seigo Aoyagi, Nao Hondo, Makoto Koyama, Satoshi Nakamura, Shigeo Tokumaru, Futoshi Muranaka, Yuji Soejima
Next, we analyzed the types and locations of the intestinal injuries. Among the 25 patients, there were 64 major bowel (n = 34) and mesenteric (n = 30) injuries for which surgical interventions were performed. Seven patients had a single lesion, while five had double, seven had triple, five had four, and one had six lesions. Regarding the injury sites, the small intestine was divided into the following parts: (1) the ligament of Treitz (100-cm distal from the ligament [proximal jejunum]); (2) the ileocecal valve (100-cm proximal from the valve [distal ileum]); and (3) the intermediate area between those two regions (jejunoileal junction). Regarding perforations, 17 of 20 (85.0%) occurred in the small bowel and 11 (55.0%) in the jejunoileal junction. There were only three perforations (15.0%) of the colon. In contrast, non-perforations occurred across the entire intestine (Figure 1). There were 30 mesenteric injuries: 12 (40.0%) occurred in the jejunoileal junction, 11 (36.6%) in the distal ileum, and two (6.7%) in the proximal jejunum (Figure 2).