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Respiratory and Other Personal Protective Equipment
Published in Neil McManus, Safety and Health in Confined Spaces, 2018
Hyperventilation syndrome is a potentially serious condition that affects some respirator users (Morgan 1983b). Published research on this syndrome dates back at least a century. Symptoms include breathlessness or dyspnea with effort, paresthesia (tingling), trembling, tachycardia, tetany, carpopedal spasms, and convulsions. Hyperventilation syndrome occurs in some individuals for no apparent reason. Hyperventilation, and the resulting physiological changes, are associated with decrements in psychomotor performance along with increased error rates.
Oxygen: a new look at an old therapy
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2019
Richard Beasley, Diane Mackle, Paul Young
Since this report, studies have shown similar physiological responses of an increase in PaCO2 with high flow oxygen therapy across a range of other acute respiratory conditions including asthma (Rodrigo et al. 2003; Perrin et al. 2011) and pneumonia (Wijesinghe et al. 2012) and chronic respiratory conditions such as obesity hyperventilation syndrome (Wijesinghe et al. 2011). In these studies, high flow oxygen increased the PaCO2, compared with breathing room air or titrated oxygen therapy to within a target SpO2 range, suggesting that conservative oxygen administration across all acute and chronic respiratory conditions in which hypoxaemia may be present and oxygen therapy is prescribed may reduce harm. The likely mechanisms for this physiological effect are likely to be worsening ventilation/perfusion mismatch as a result of release of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, and a reduction in ventilatory drive, both of which will reduce alveolar ventilation, which leads to an increase in PaCO2 (Aubier et al. 1980; Robinson et al. 2000).