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Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang, Our Animal Connection, 2020
Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Huanming Yang
Milstein and Köhler were able to turn the normally evil feature of tumor cells, the capacity to proliferate forever, into a very beneficial property: Using a technique to fish up antibody-producing cells from a sea of cells, they then fused these cells with mouse tumor cells and created hybrid cells with a capacity to produce the very same antibody in high quantity. They called these hybrid cells hybridomas. Since all cells in a given hybridoma come from one single hybrid cell, the antibodies made are monoclonal. The first application of “hybridoma technology” was to use a line of myeloma cancer cells and to fuse them with healthy antibody-producing B cells. Monoclonal antibody (mab) technology allowed scientists to grow huge quantities of pure antibodies aimed at specific selected targets, leading to the design of new diagnostic tests and therapeutics. By injecting a payload of mabs into the bloodstream, the antibodies were headed straight to their disease target.
Recent Advances with Targeted Liposomes for Drug Delivery
Published in Vladimir Torchilin, Handbook of Materials for Nanomedicine, 2020
Josimar O. Eloy, Raquel Petrilli, Fabíola Silva Garcia Praça, Marlus Chorilli
Monoclonal antibodies bind to a specific epitope and are usually generated through the hybridoma technology. In order to reduce immunogenicity, antibody fragments, particularly the Fab and scFv fragments, are also available. The functionalization of liposomes with monoclonal antibodies or antibodies fragments for disease targets has been widely used as a strategy for enhanced drug delivery, with improved cell uptake and decreased side effects. These functionalized liposomes, also known as immunoliposomes, have been reported for a variety of targets, including cancer, cardiovascular, infectious, autoimmune, and degenerative diseases. Furthermore, immunoliposomes have been also employed for vaccine delivery. Recently, we reviewed the functionalization methods, which usually include a thioether covalent bond formation between a thiolated antibody and the maleimide group (Fig. 3.1) (Eloy et al., 2017).
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Published in Michael Hehenberger, Zhi Xia, Our Animal Connection, 2019
Milstein and Köhler were able to turn the normally evil feature of tumor cells, the capacity to proliferate forever, into a very beneficial property: Using a technique to fish up antibody-producing cells from a sea of cells, they then fused these cells with mouse tumor cells and created hybrid cells with a capacity to produce the very same antibody in high quantity. They called these hybrid cells hybridomas. Since all cells in a given hybridoma come from one single hybrid cell, the antibodies made are monoclonal. The first application of “hybridoma technology” was to use a line of myeloma cancer cells and to fuse them with healthy antibody-producing B cells. Monoclonal antibody (mab) technology allowed scientists to grow huge quantities of pure antibodies aimed at specific selected targets, leading to the design of new diagnostic tests and therapeutics. By injecting a payload of mabs into the bloodstream, the antibodies were headed straight to their disease target.
Production and characterization of a conserved M2e peptide-based specific IgY antibody: evaluation of the diagnostic potential via conjugation with latex nanoparticles
Published in Preparative Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2018
Yasemin Budama-Kilinc, Rabia Cakir-Koc, Burak Ozdemir, Zeynep Kaya, Selim Badur
Conventionally antibody production methods are based on hybridoma technology, but there are several disadvantages in the use of antibodies derived from mammals, such as the low affinity, low stability, high cost, invasiveness, and limited concentrations to be sourced.[28–30] Meanwhile, there are numerous benefits to the use of new-generation immunoglobulin Y (IgY) antibodies, which are obtained from chicken. Although IgY has a similar biological role as mammalian IgG,[29] it does not interact with the rheumatoid factors, bacterial and human Fc receptors, which is important to avoid the cross-reactivity. Moreover, the antibody extraction from hens is a simple and efficient procedure.[29,31–38] It has been reported that IgY antibodies can be used to diagnose viral diseases because of the potential to obtain high concentrations of the antibodies and their high stability. Their usage also gains importance in influenza pandemics because they can be produced in large quantities in a short time period.
PEGYLATION: an important approach for novel drug delivery system
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2021
Deepa Yadav, Hitesh Kumar Dewangan
Sometimes polyethylene is used as a thickening agent in the cellular study [52]. It acts as a precipitant for the separation of plasmid DNA separation and crystallization of protein. It is used for the formation of hybridomas by fusion of two dissimilar cells, like B cell and myelomas which is further used in the formation of an antibody [51].In the field of microbiology; it acts as a concentrating agent for viruses. In blood banking, Polyethylene glycol is used as a potentiate for improved detection of antigens with antibodies [51, 54].