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Other Treatment Technologies
Published in Peter A. Reinhardt, Judith G. Gordon, Infectious and Medical Waste Management, 2018
Peter A. Reinhardt, Judith G. Gordon
Dry heat sterilization is usually done in a hot-air oven (for solid or liquid infectious wastes), in a tank (for bulk liquids), or in a piping system (for liquids). The typical operational cycle for a heat sterilizer consists of: warmup period, when the temperature of the waste contained in the oven, tank, or piping is raised to sterilization temperaturesterilization period, when the temperature of the waste is maintained at the designated sterilization temperature for the time required for sterilizationcooldown period, when the temperature is lowered to allow handling, removal, and disposal of the treated waste
Palladium supported on nano-hybrid Zr–Al–La catalyst for hydrogenation of 2-ethylanthraquinone
Published in Indian Chemical Engineer, 2021
Anjali A. Ingle, Shahid Z. Ansari, Diwakar Z. Shende, Kailas L. Wasewar, Aniruddha B. Pandit
The ZAL nano-hybrid catalyst support was prepared by co-precipitation method. In this equimolar compositions of AlCl3 (0.5 M), La (NO3)3·6H2O (0.5 M) and ZrOCl2·8H2O (0.5 M) were dissolving in 100 mL Millipore water to prepare the mixed solution of ZAL support. The pH of this solution was adjusted to 9.5–10 by adding 5–6 drops per minute of ammonia solution (30% ammonia) to the mixed solution of ZAL. Attaining this pH, there is formation of precipitate in the solution. This precipitate was centrifuged and separated from the slurry. Further, it was neutralised by washing with Millipore water. It was later dried in a laboratory hot air oven for 72 h at 65°C. This powder was finely grounded in a mortar and pestle and stored in air tight container at room temperature.
Electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of sol-gel coating on Cu-plated fabrics
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2021
P. V. Kandasaamy, M. Rameshkumar
In this work, copper was coated on the polyester fabric through electroless plating technique. In this process, the in-situ deposition of copper particles was made on the fabric by using Copper sulfate (CuSO4) and sodium hydrosulfite (Na2S2O4). CuSO4 acts as a base material for Cu particles and copper deposition is achieved by treating under reducing atmosphere provided by the use of Na2S2O4. Various concentration of CuSO4 (5, 10, 20, 30 and 50 g/L) was used for the coating. The PET fabric was manually dipped into the laboratory bath containing the CuSO4 solution for 30 s, was dried immediately for 5 min at 90 °C in the hot air oven and again the process was repeated with respect to the different dipping and drying cycles (i.e. 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 cycles). The constant dipping time was maintained (30 s) for all cycles. Then, the treated fabric was further treated with sodium hydrosulfite solution which is a strong reducing agent. The concentration of sodium hydrosulfite was maintained as higher or at least equal to copper sulfate concentration. The reduction treatment was done for 20 min. The time of treatment was determined by the change in color of fabric. Subsequently, 15 min of reaction with reducing agent, polyester fibers altered their color from blue to blackish gray and hence 20 min of reduction treatment was maximum permissible to complete the reaction.
Development and characterization of electric field directed preferentially aligned CNT nanocomposites
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2018
Jayaram R. Pothnis, Suhasini Gururaja, Dinesh Kalyanasundaram
Measured quantities of CNT-epoxy mixture and the curing agent were mixed thoroughly and transferred to the area between the electrodes. After optimization experiments, a voltage value of 250 Vrms was used to fabricate the samples of size 11 × 10 × 2 mm with varying CNT content (0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 wt. %, respectively). Voltage was applied between the electrodes for a total duration of 15 min. The samples were heated using the hot plate to initially reduce the resin viscosity to facilitate CNT alignment and subsequently increase resin viscosity to solidify the resin rapidly. The samples were exposed to a maximum temperature of 70–75 °C to freeze the CNT alignment configuration. The hardened samples after 15 min of voltage application were released from the well and post-cured for two hours at 100 °C in a hot air oven. A similar procedure was followed to fabricate larger samples of dimensions 60 × 50 × 3 mm for micro tensile test specimens. To fabricate these samples, voltage levels of 450–500 Vrms were used maintaining a gap of 60 mm between the electrodes. Four slender steel cylindrical electrodes with sharp tips spaced 10 mm apart were used at one end as electrodes of higher potential and a flat electrode of size 50 × 25 × 1 mm at the other end as electrode of lower potential were used for fabricating the larger samples.