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Preclinical Characterization of Engineered Nanoparticles Intended for Cancer Therapeutics
Published in Mansoor M. Amiji, Nanotechnology for Cancer Therapy, 2006
Anil K. Patri, Marina A. Dobrovolskaia, Stephan T. Stern, Scott E. McNeil
Sprague–Dawley rat hepatic primary cells and human hepatoma Hep-G2, selected for in vitro hepatic target organ toxicity assays, have a long history of use in toxicological evaluation.73–75 Hep-G2 cells were chosen since they are a readily available hepatocyte cell line with high metabolic activity.76 Rat hepatic primary cells were also chosen for toxicological studies, since hepatic primary cells in culture are more reflective of in vivo hepatocytes with regard to enzyme expression and specialized functions. One survey found rat hepatic primary cells up to ten times more sensitive to model hepatotoxic agents than established hepatic cell lines.77 Rat hepatic primaries represent a suitable alternative to human hepatic primary cells, which are scarce, costly, and suffer from interindividual variability.
Sources of Natural Polymers from Plants with Green Nanoparticles
Published in Satya Eswari Jujjavarapu, Krishna Mohan Poluri, Green Polymeric Nanocomposites, 2020
Satya Eswari Jujjavarapu, K. Chandrasekhar, Sweta Naik, Aditya L Toppo, Veena Thakur
Alginate/polycaprolactone (PCL) complex nanofibers can selectively improve cells with high drug resistance. Alginate fibers were combined with PCL fibers using the co-electro-spinning method. Unlike alginate, PCL is a regularly employed bio-substantial in framework construction. The microenvironment of frameworks can be influenced with regulating alginate/PCL fiber ratios, by which diverse cell populations can be selected because of their adhesion ability. Liver CSCs (cancer stem cells) were supplemented from Hep G2 cells, a liver-cell line in this particular study (A. Korma et al., 2016;Hu, Lin, & Hong, 2019).
Microfluidic Technologies for Cell Manipulation, Therapeutics, and Analysis
Published in Tuhin S. Santra, Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS, 2020
Amogh Kumar, Pallavi Shinde, Loganathan Mohan, Pallab Sinha Mahapatra, Tuhin S. Santra
The concentration of cells in the sample and the size of the microdroplets were adjusted accordingly to obtain the maximum number of droplets encapsulating single cells. Human liver hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were used for experimental studies. The efficiency of trapping the droplets containing single cells reached up to 60%. Following cell capture, fluorescence studies were conducted to demonstrate the device efficiency in the single-cell analysis (Fig. 1.2). Thus, with further optimization, this device could show great promise in biological applications.
pH-sensitive magnetic drug delivery system via layer-by-layer self-assembly of CS/PEG and its controlled release of DOX
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2020
Juan Wu, Xi Wang, Binglong Zhu, Qinting He, Fang Ren, Fei Tong, Wei Jiang, Xianghong He
Ferric chloride (FeCl3•6H2O), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA, Mn = 3000), polyethylene glycol (PEG) dicarboxylic acid (Mn = 600), 3-[4,5-dimethylthialzol-2-yl] − 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), dulbecco’s Modified Eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), acridine orange base (AO) and ethidium bromide (EB) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. 2-hydroxypropytrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (CS) was supplied by Jinan Haidebei Marine Bioengineering Co. Ltd., Jinan, China. Sodium acetate (NaAc), sodium citrate (SC) and ethylene glycol (EG) were supplied by Aladdin. Doxorubicin (DOX) was purchased from Yuanye Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China. The human liver hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) were supplied by Chinese Academy of Sciences Cell Bank, Shanghai, China. All of the chemicals were analytical grade and used without further purification.
Characterization of cytochrome P450s (CYP)-overexpressing HepG2 cells for assessing drug and chemical-induced liver toxicity
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C, 2021
Si Chen, Qiangen Wu, Xilin Li, Dongying Li, Nan Mei, Baitang Ning, Montserrat Puig, Zhen Ren, William H. Tolleson, Lei Guo
Liver toxicity testing using human hepatic cells is being used more frequently to comply with the 3R’s principle of “Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement” for animal research. While primary human hepatocytes are generally considered the “gold standard” for assessing hepatic metabolism and toxicity of xenobiotics,20,21 their usefulness for routine applications, large-scale toxicity testing, and chronic toxicity studies is limited due to the decreased metabolic activity over time, reduced life spans, limited availability, and inter-donor variability.22,23 Immortalized hepatic cell lines provide a valuable alternative owing to their characteristics such as the stable phenotypes, unlimited life span, ready availability, easy manipulation, and cost efficiency. Such characteristics enable hepatic cell lines to be useful in vitro tools for preclinical screening of drug candidates.24 Of a variety of hepatic cell lines, the well-characterized non-tumorigenic HepG2 cell line is one of the most frequently used in liver toxicity research and for elucidating mechanisms of toxicity.25–37 However, reduced expression of drug metabolizing enzymes is a major drawback of HepG2 cells, hampering their use in metabolism-related liver toxicity studies.23,38–40 Genetic modification of HepG2 cells incorporating one or more drug-metabolizing enzymes can overcome the low biotransformation capacity of HepG2 cells and thus improve their utility for metabolism and toxicity studies. As such, a number of hepatic cell lines with improved metabolic capacity have been generated recently.41
In vitro exposure to the next-generation plasticizer diisononyl cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylate (DINCH): cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment in human cells
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2019
Ana Luísa Vasconcelos, Maria João Silva, Henriqueta Louro
Human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2, ATCC® HB-8065™) were derived from a liver hepatocellular carcinoma. Human renal proximal tubule epithelial cells (HK-2, ATCC® CRL2190™) originated from an adult male proximal kidney tubule biopsies, that have been immortalized by viral transformation. The cell lines HepG2 and HK-2 were maintained in complete cell culture medium prepared with 1% penicillin/streptomycin (10,000 units/ml and 10 000 µg/ml; Gibco® by Life TechnologiesTM, Germany), 1% Amphotericin B (250 µg/ml) (Gibco® by Life TechnologiesTM, Germany), 2.5% HEPES Buffer (Gibco® by Life TechnologiesTM, Germany) and 15% FBSi (Gibco® by Life TechnologiesTM, Germany).