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Technology for sensory impairments (vision and hearing)
Published in Alex Mihailidis, Roger Smith, Rehabilitation Engineering, 2023
J. A. Brabyn, H. Levitt, J.A. Miele
Visual acuity measures resolution for the small central zone of the visual field, but many common eye conditions affect other areas of the field. Retinitis pigmentosa causes a narrowing of the visual field or “tunnel vision,” even though acuity in the center may be quite good for a long time. Glaucoma also causes impairments in the outer or peripheral visual field. A stroke can sometimes cause a “hemianopia,” in which the individual can only see one half (left or right) of the visual field. In age-related macular degeneration, blind spots develop in or near the center of the field but are usually irregular in shape and location. Standard visual field tests may be able to map these “scotomas” crudely but testing by a skilled low vision practitioner can obtain a more accurate assessment of scotoma size, shape, and position.
Misinterpreting Cognitive Decline in the Elderly: Blaming the Patient
Published in Marilyn Sue Bogner, Human Error in Medicine, 2018
Georgine Vroman, Nene Cohen, Nancy Volkman
Even less widely appreciated are the permanent visual field deficits that can occur after a stroke or other brain injury. In the case of hemianopia, patients do not see objects in the affected half of both visual fields, opposite to the affected half of the brain. Because these field deficits are not perceived as black or empty areas, patients often do not even know that they exist. Under these conditions, the brain compensates by supplying information that could have been there, but is not. For instance, depending on which side of the visual fields is affected, a 3 can be read as an 8, a C as an O. These patients typically misread letters, numbers, and words and skip parts of sentences, often complaining that the text “does not make sense.” They “see” their complete dinner tray, but not the specifics and may ask why there is no butter, although it is there on the tray.
Effect of RehaCom cognitive rehabilitation software on working memory and processing speed in chronic ischemic stroke patients
Published in Assistive Technology, 2023
Sanaz Amiri, Peyman Hassani-Abharian, Salar Vaseghi, Rouzbeh Kazemi, Mohammad Nasehi
The criteria for entry was: Patients with chronic ischemic stroke with hemiplegia (right/left side) with interruption of the anterior and medial cerebral arteries;Onset: 4 to 12 months after stroke incidence;Maximum authorized age: 65 years;Ability to read and write;Patient’s willingness to be present at medical sessions;No sensory aphasia, hemianopsia, hemineglect, and hemispatial neglect;No cognitive, nervous, muscular, and mechanical problems before the stroke.