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Evidence for a Role of Infections in the Activation of Autoreactive T Cells and the Pathogenesis of Autoimmunity
Published in Richard K. Burt, Alberto M. Marmont, Stem Cell Therapy for Autoimmune Disease, 2019
J. Ludovic Croxford, Stephen D. Miller
Although EBV is rarely found in MS lesions, serological studies have found higher titers of EBV-specific antibodies in MS patients compared to controls.38 Human T-lymphocyte virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus associated with HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP), a human demyelinating disease of the CNS.39 However, many HTLV-1 seropositive individuals are asymptomatic, suggesting that genetic predisposition and immunological dysfunction may also play a role in HTLV-1-induced disease. Although HTLV-1 has been detected in MS patients, this has not been confirmed in other studies.40,41
Antiviral Drugs as Tools for Nanomedicine
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Saher Islam, Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Viral and Antiviral Nanomaterials, 2022
Human T cell lymphotropic virus I (HTLV-1), which are associated with adult T cell lymphomas. Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the first human retrovirus to be discovered; its infection is usually not given much attention in the health-care system. These are a group of human retroviruses that are known to cause a type of cancer called adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and a demyelinating disease called HTLV-1 associated myelopathy (Biswas et al. 2010). Approximately 20 million people worldwide are infected with HTLV-1 (de Thé and Kazanji 1996), 90% of whom are infected individuals who remain asymptomatic carriers during their lives.
Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019
Nicholas Birkett, Mustafa Al-Zoughool, Michael Bird, Robert A. Baan, Jan Zielinski, Daniel Krewski
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is a complex retrovirus that contains two copies of its genomic RNA which infect multiple cell types but only induce cell transformation in T-lymphocytes. HTLV-1produces adult T-cell lymphoma/leukemia.