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Food Supply
Published in Cameron La Follette , Chris Maser, Sustainability and the Rights of Nature, 2017
Cameron La Follette , Chris Maser
The integration of peasant farms and natural ecosystems into agro-ecosystems forms a continuum in which plant gathering and crop production are actively practiced. Many of these traditional, agro-ecosystems are still found throughout the non-industrialized countries, where they constitute major repositories of germplasm for both crop plants and wild plants. (Germplasm is a collection of genetic material for an organism. For non-arboreal plants, germplasm may be stored as a collection of seeds; for trees, the germplasm may be maintained by growing them in a nursery.)
Arctic Phyto-Technology
Published in Neloy Khare, Climate Change in the Arctic, 2022
Rajesh Kumar Dubey, Priyanka Babel
Germplasm or the theory of inheritance was first described by a German scientist Weismann (1834–1940) for living organisms. Germplasm conservation is the most successful method to conserve the living genetic traits of endangered and commercially valuable species. This is known as germplasm bank, seed bank or gene bank where it can be preserved for centuries without losing the trait. Germplasm is a live information source for all the genes present in the respective plant, which can be conserved for long periods and regenerated whenever it is required in the future.
Glossary of scientific and technical terms in bioengineering and biological engineering
Published in Megh R. Goyal, Scientific and Technical Terms in Bioengineering and Biological Engineering, 2018
Germplasm refers to: (1) The genetic material that forms the physical basis of hereditary and which is transmitted from one generation to the next by means of the germ cells; (2) An individual or clone representing a type, species or culture, that may be held in a repository for agronomic, historic or other reasons.
Epichloë fungal endophytes play a fundamental role in New Zealand grasslands
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2020
David E. Hume, Alan V. Stewart, Wayne R. Simpson, Richard D. Johnson
Standard methods for screening germplasm for the presence of Epichloë involve staining plant tissues to visualise the fungus. Fungus can also be isolated directly from infected tissues. In recent decades genetic tests have become available, such as the use of amplified repeat sequences (Simple Sequence Repeats) from the Epichloë genome, the use of such tests provides both an indication of infection and a method of typing strains of Epichloë that are present. We have taken such genetic tests to a new level to survey Epichloë in New Zealand using high throughput DNA extraction and high resolution melting genetic analyses. As Epichloë endophytes are seed transmitted, this technology was used to interrogate the genetic resources held as seed accessions in the Margot Forde Germplasm Centre, New Zealand's national genebank of grassland plants. Out of nearly 6000 Pooideae accessions examined, over 7% were found to be infected with Epichloë, including species from agronomically important grasses (W.R. Simpson unpublished data). These preliminary data suggest Epichloë are present in New Zealand in genera other than the Lolium and Festuca identified to date.
Screening of 19 Salix clones in effective phytofiltration potentials of manganese, zinc and copper in pilot-scale wetlands
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2018
Weidong Yang, Fengliang Zhao, Zheli Ding, Md. Jahidul Isalm Shohag, Yuyan Wang, Xincheng Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhu, Xiaoe Yang
In China, many water bodies are usually co-contaminated with Mn, Zn, and Cu due to various human activities (Tu et al.2012). Recently, willows become the primary genus of interest for short-rotation biomass production in China. China has rich Salix germplasm resource with large genetic diversity, but most willow species/clones are virtually unexplored. To maximize the exploitation of phytofiltration potential of willows, we need more information about clonal differences in tolerance and accumulation of heavy metals. In this study, nineteen willow clones originate from China, and they belonged to different species or hybrids, and had high growth rate and large ability to flooding adaptation. A pilot-scale wetland was constructed to investigate the clonal differences in tolerance and phytofiltration capacity for mixed metals (Mn, Zn, and Cu) with a floating-support culture system. The aim of this study was to characterize and screen the clones suitable for phytofiltration of waters contaminated with heavy metals.
Cadmium tolerance, distribution, and accumulation in Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam. as a potential Cd-hyperaccumulator
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2019
Haitao Cheng, Qun Liu, Ming Ma, Yue Liu, Weiting Wang, Wei Ning
The dandelions for the experiment, Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam. were collected from Ex-situ Conservation Garden and Evaluation Center of Wild Vegetable Germplasm in Northeast China of Ministry of Agriculture. The seeds were disinfected with 5% sodium hypochlorite. The culture substratum for sowing was the mixture of vermiculite and peat soil. After two-month culture in an artificial climate chamber, healthy seedlings were selected for the experiment. The surface soil from the Resource Nursery at Shenyang Agricultural University was used for the experiment, the pH of soil was 5.8. Cd content of heavy metals in the soil was 0.142 mg/kg, the soil was crushed and sifted with a 2-mm sieve. The optimum Cd concentration was obtained through preliminary experiments and literature search (Hu et al.2012). There were 6 Cd treatments (in mg/kg): control (no addition of Cd), 10, 50, 80, 100, 120 Cd and Cd was supplied as CdCl2·2.5H2O which was dissolved in water. The soil was evenly and thoroughly stirred when sprinkling the aqueous solution on it. The mixture was put into the vessels and stood for three months. Each treatment was replicated in three vessels, each containing three plants. The two-month seedlings were transferred to three 2-L plastic vessels containing 1.5 kg above-mentioned soil respectively. The vessels were daily irrigated with distilled water. After 6-month growth, the plants were harvested and used to measure the biomass of tissues and Cd content in different parts. Plants were grown in a controlled greenhouse with the following conditions: natural light, 25 °C/15°Cday/night temperature, relative humidity 40–60%.