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Published in Asim Kurjak, Ultrasound and Infertility, 2020
Joseph G. Schenker, Aby Lewin, Menashe Ben-David
The functions of the testis are spermatogenesis, which takes place in the germinal epithelium of seminiferous tubules and steroidogenesis, which takes place in the interstitial cells (Leydig). The regulation of testicular function is controlled by an interaction between the CNS, hypothalamus, hypophysis, and testis. The spermatogenesis in man requires a period of 70 ± 5 d. The passage of sperm through the epididymis and vas deferens varies with the mean time of 12 d. It is not a single process of transport, but it is vital to allow further sperm maturation and development of sperm motility. The process of ejaculation is controlled by the nervous system and involves the secretion of prostate, testicular, and seminal vesicular components.
Health Effects of Chronic Exposure to Radiation From Mobile Communication
Published in Marko Markov, Mobile Communications and Public Health, 2018
Odaci and Ozyilmaz exposed Sprague-Dawley male rats to a 900 MHz EMF (whole body SAR 0.025 W/kg, 1 h daily, 30 days) and investigated EMF effects on the rat testicles (47). The levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione along with apoptotic index measured with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and histopathological damage scores were analyzed. EMF exposed rats exhibited vacuoles in seminiferous tubules basal membrane and edema in the intertubular space. Both seminiferous tubule diameters and germinal epithelium thickness were smaller, while apoptotic index was higher in the EMF exposed animals. The levels of malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were increased in the EMF exposed rats as compared to the sham exposure group although glutathione was decreased. The authors concluded that chronic exposure to the mobile phone frequency of 900 MHz caused pathological alterations in rat testicular morphology and biochemistry.
Reproduction, development and work
Published in Chris Winder, Neill Stacey, Occupational Toxicology, 2004
The testes are covered by a protective dense connective tissue, the tunica albuginea. Extensions of this tissue form septa inside the testis dividing it into a number of lobes. Each lobe contains 1–4 tightly coiled seminiferous tubules. The tubules are lined with germinal epithelium, which consists of two basic cell types: the sustentacular or Sertoli cells which have a supportive function; and the seminiferous tubules where sperm are produced. In between the tubules are the interstitial cells which produce testosterone. The seminiferous tubules empty into another set of tubules, the rete testis. From the rete the sperm travel into the epididymis located outside the testes.
Ameliorative role of neem (Azadiracta indica) leaves ethanolic extract on testicular injury of neonatally diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin
Published in Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2020
Abd El-Fattah B. M. El-Beltagy, Amoura M. Abou El-Naga, El-Sayed M. El-Habibi, Sara El-Said M. Shams
In control and neem supplemented groups, the testicular sections showed the normal histological pattern whereas, the seminiferous tubules appeared rounded or oval and surrounded by a thin basal lamina (BL). The tubules were lined by stratified germinal epithelium, spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa. In-between the tubules, the interstitial tissue present blood vessels with clusters of Leydig cells with their characteristic oval shape and spherical nuclei (Figure 5(a,b)).