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Musculoskeletal system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
Sonography of the ankle and foot is highly useful for examination of the superficial structures, particularly the tendons, which may be examined for tenosynovitis and other tendinopathies such as tendinosis, tears or longitudinal splits. It may also demonstrate joint abnormalities, a ganglion, cyst, haematoma, plantar fasciitis, bursitis and Morton’s neuroma. It is useful for dynamic assessment of possible subluxation and for tarsal tunnel compression. Sonography may also be used for injection guidance and to check for post-operative integrity.
Overuse wrist injuries in adolescent platform and springboard divers
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2023
Cici Zhang, Si Shen, Lin Qiu, Liqin Wang, Xuwen Zeng, Quan Zhou
Ganglion cysts were observed in the divers. Ganglion cysts are benign mucin-filled cysts typically located near joints and tendons and are the most common soft tissue masses in the wrist. The exact etiology is uncertain; nevertheless, theories include joint stress resulting in fluid leakage through a joint capsule, mucin secretion stimulation by periarticular mesenchymal cells, or mucoid degeneration of periarticular connective tissue (Gude & Morelli, 2008). Ganglion cysts in divers may result from repetitive loading, and common sites include the dorsal wrist superficial to the pisiform and the volar wrist between the radial artery and the flexor carpi radialis tendon. The tendency of ganglion cysts to occur at these anatomic locations may be associated with repetitive mechanical stress. However, the presence of ganglion cysts may be temporary, and their number may decrease after a certain time. Intraosseous ganglion cysts were also found in the hamate, capitate, and lunate. All cysts were located adjacent to periarticular sites. In osteoarthritis, cysts may arise from the intrusion of synovial fluid into the bone at the joint surface, degeneration in intramedullary connective tissue, and metaplasia of skeletal connective tissue. Ganglion cysts and intraosseous ganglia have been associated with nonspecific wrist pain, which have also been observed in the asymptomatic and symptomatic wrists of computer users (Burgess et al., 2010).
A fluid-structure interaction investigation of intra-articular pressure and ligament in wrist joint
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2023
Joachim Ee En Ong, Shi Lei Teng, Duncan Angus McGrouther, Hwa Liang Leo, Yoke Rung Wong
Biomechanical factors and mechanical stresses are known to be the main causes of degenerative joint diseases (Buckwalter et al. 2013; Guilak 2011). While the ganglion cysts formation remains unclear, theories presented thus far include herniation of the joint capsule and also repetitive injury to surrounding capsular and ligamentous structures (Gude and Morelli 2008; Gregush and Habusta 2022).