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The Future
Published in Indrakshi Dey, Propagation Modeling for Wireless Communications, 2022
At present, the females trying to conceive have to rely both on estimates and ultrasound scans to monitor their fertility. Ovulation approximately takes place after 13–15 days before the start of each menstrual period. When in ovaries, the eggs remain in sacs referred as follicles. The presence and size of follicles in ovaries is detected using conventional pelvic and/or trans-vaginal ultrasound scans [5]. As a follicle reaches approximate size of 18–28 mm, it is considered ready for ovulation. When the eggs are released into the Fallopian tubes, the available non-invasive tracking methods (such as measuring Luteininzing Hormone, and maintaining Basal Body Temperature Chart) provide no guarantee to detect the presence of egg in real time [6]. As a result, the probability of missing the ovulation increases even after going through a series of ultrasounds and diagnostic tests (urine and blood for LH monitoring), which in turn increases probability of failed attempts of natural conception or Intrauterine insemination (IUI) and In-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments. Therefore, it has been proposed to use intra-body hybrid communication architecture integrated with nano-sensors/nanodevices for detecting presence of eggs in Fallopian tube in the real-time. Here, hybrid communication refers to the combined use of MC and THz communication to realize the advantages of both paradigms.
Clinical Progresses in Regenerative Dentistry and Dental Tissue Engineering
Published in Vincenzo Guarino, Marco Antonio Alvarez-Pérez, Current Advances in Oral and Craniofacial Tissue Engineering, 2020
Dental follicle is a loose vascular connective tissue composed of a heterogenous layer of an ectomesenchymal cells surrounding the enamel organ and the dental papilla of the developing tooth germ in early stages of tooth development prior to eruption (Lesot et al. 1993). This tissue contains progenitor cells that form the periodontium, i.e., cementum, PDL and alveolar bone. Precursor cells have been isolated from human dental follicles of impacted third molars. Recently, human dental follicle progenitor cells showed hard tissue-forming potential in immunocompromised rats (Yagyuu et al. 2010). Dental follicle stem cells may provide a cell source for tissue engineering. Similar to other dental stem cells, these cells form low numbers of adherent clonogenic colonies when released from the tissue following enzymatic digestion (Morsczeck et al. 2005).
Culture of Chinese Carp
Published in Karol Opuszynski, Jerome V. Shireman, HERBIVOROUS FISHES: Culture and Use for Weed Management, 2019
Karol Opuszynski, Jerome V. Shireman
The physiological mechanisms that control fish reproduction processes are relatively well known. Because these processes involve both the nervous and endocrine systems, the mechanisms are singly called the neurohormonal mechanism of fish reproduction. Environmental stimuli of reproductive importance (see Chapter 3) or genetically imprinted internal cycles stimulate a portion of the brain called the hypothalamus (Figure 28). The hypothalamus produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotropin release-inhibiting factor (GRIF) (dopamine). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone stimulates the pituitary (hypophysis), a small gland located beneath the brain, to produce and release gonadotropic hormones (GtH), which target the gonads (ovaries and testes). Elevated blood levels of GtH cause final maturation of the sex products through local action of the steroid hormones (progesterone stimulates final maturation of the eggs and testosterone stimulates spermiation). Prostaglandins act as local ovarian mediators of the ovulatory action of GtH. They play a role in the final stages of ovulation, including rupture of the follicle and expulsion of the mature oocyte.
Menstrual cycle alters training strain, monotony, and technical training length in young
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019
Gislaine Cristina-Souza, Ana C. Santos-Mariano, Carla C. Souza-Rodrigues, Raul Osiecki, Sandro F. Silva, Adriano E. Lima-Silva, Fernando R. De Oliveira
The Menstrual Cycle (MC) is determined by a synchronic response involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (Reilly, 2000). A regular MC takes between 26 and 35 days and can be divided into three phases: 1) follicular; 2) ovulatory, and 3) luteal (Constantini, Dubnov, & Lebrun, 2005). The follicular phase (FP) is characterized by high levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and low levels of luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol and progesterone (Constantini et al., 2005; Oosthuyse & Bosch, 2010). The ovulatory phase (OP) is characterized by low levels of FSH and progesterone, and high levels of LH and estradiol (Constantini et al., 2005; Oosthuyse & Bosch, 2010). Finally, the luteal phase (LP) is characterized by low levels of LH and FSH, and high levels of estradiol and progesterone (Constantini et al., 2005; Oosthuyse & Bosch, 2010).