China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Cancer
Published in Peter Grunwald, Pharmaceutical Biocatalysis, 2020
Mohammad Hojjat-Farsangi, Gholamreza Khamisipour
The FGFR family consist of four members, including FGFR1-4. Followed by ligand binding, FGFRs stimulate molecules involved in the MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. These signaling pathways are two main signaling cascades and play major roles in proliferation, survival, migration, and angiogenesis of tumor cell (Liang et al., 2012).
Natural latex serum: characterization and biocompatibility assessment using Galleria mellonella as an alternative in vivo model
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Giovana Sant’Ana Pegorin Brasil, Patrícia Pimentel de Barros, Matheus Carlos Romeiro Miranda, Natan Roberto de Barros, Juliana Campos Junqueira, Alejandro Gomez, Rondinelli Donizetti Herculano, Ricardo José de Mendonça
The fibroblast growth factor/fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGF/FGFR) signaling system contains 22 members, which are responsible for regulating a variety of biological processes, including embryogenesis, angiogenesis, tissue homeostasis, wound repair and cancer. It has been observed in most studies that different members of the FGF family, mainly FGF1 and FGF2, can induce in vitro a complex pro-angiogenic phenotype in endothelial cells, which covers various aspects of angiogenesis in vivo, including from modulation of cell proliferation, migration, protease production, integrin and cadherin receptor expression, and intercellular gap junction communication [79, 80].
Exercise training increases the S-Klotho plasma levels in sedentary middle-aged adults: A randomised controlled trial. The FIT-AGEING study
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2019
F. J. Amaro-Gahete, A. De-la-O, L. Jurado-Fasoli, A. Espuch-Oliver, T. de Haro, A. Gutierrez, J. R. Ruiz, M. J. Castillo
Three Klotho gene products have been identified: α-Klotho (which is expressed in distal convoluted tubules in the kidney, parathyroid and choroid plexus in the brain), β-Klotho (which control the bile acids, lipid and energy metabolism together with FGF15/19, and FGF21) and γ-Klotho (which is involved in brown adipose tissue metabolism) (Hu, Shiizaki, Kuro-O, & Moe, 2013; Kim, Hwang, Park, Kong, & Cha, 2015). They share a substantial degree of homology, but they also seem to have different physiological actions (Hu et al., 2013; Kim et al., 2015). The α-Klotho gene encodes a type 1 single-pass transmembrane glycoprotein (M Kuro-O et al., 1997). The intracellular domain is short and non-functional (Kim et al., 2015). The extracellular domain, however, forms a complex with fibroblast growth factor 23 and fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (Kim et al., 2015) and has a potential site for proteolytic cleavage (Bloch et al., 2009; Chang et al., 2005). The cleaved Klotho is commonly known as secreted Klotho (S-Klotho), and it is detected in blood, urine, and cerebrospinal fluid (Imura et al., 2004; Kurosu et al., 2005). S-Klotho can act as a soluble paracrine or endocrine mediator through the modulation of the action of growth factors and cytokines such as insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (acting as a suppressor of tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I receptors, which results in reduced activity of insulin receptor substrate proteins and their association with phosphoinositide 3-kinases, thereby inhibiting insulin and insulin-like growth factor-I signalling), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), Wnt signalling, and gamma interferon (IFNγ), which are associated with cell senescence and the aging process in mice (Doi et al., 2011; Imura et al., 2004; Kim et al., 2015). Indeed, higher S-Klotho plasma levels have been associated with improved survival in chronic kidney disease patients (Sakan et al., 2014), and lower levels have been related to increased cardiovascular disease incidence in adults (Semba et al., 2011) and all-cause mortality in chronic haemodialysis patients (Otani-Takei et al., 2015).