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Personal Protective Equipment
Published in W. David Yates, Safety Professional’s Reference and Study Guide, 2020
Suitable eye protection must be provided where there is a potential for injury to the eyes or face from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, potentially injurious light radiation, or a combination of these. Protection must meet the following minimum requirements: Provide adequate protection against the particular hazards for which they are designed,Be reasonably comfortable when worn under the designated conditions,Fit snugly without interfering with the movements or vision of the wearer,Be durable,Be capable of being disinfected,Be easily cleanable,Be kept clean and in good repair.
Occupational Dermatosis and Eye Hazard
Published in Ronald Scott, of Industrial Hygiene, 2018
There are three classes of concerns regarding eye protection: protection against physical damage from objects propelled at them by the work process (for example, metal or abrasive fragments from a grinder), protection from airborne dusts or liquid chemicals that may splash or be sprayed into the eyes, and protection against radiant energy (for example, intense UV light generated by arc welding). All eye protection must accommodate the vision correction needs of the worker, either by fitting over prescription glasses or by including corrective lenses in their construction.
Personal Protective Equipment
Published in W. David Yates, Safety Professional’s, 2015
Suitable eye protection must be provided where there is a potential for injury to the eyes or face from flying particles, molten metal, liquid chemicals, acids or caustic liquids, chemical gases or vapors, potentially injurious light radiation, or a combination of these. Protection must meet the following minimum requirements: Provide adequate protection against the particular hazards for which they are designedBe reasonably comfortable when worn under the designated conditionsFit snugly without interfering with the movements or vision of the wearerBe durableBe capable of being disinfectedBe easily cleanableBe kept clean and in good repair
Use of lasers in minimally invasive spine surgery
Published in Expert Review of Medical Devices, 2018
The carbon dioxide (CO2) laser produces a beam of infrared light with a wavelength of 10,600 nm. It is attracting attention as cutting tools [27,28]. It can seal lymphatic and blood vessels less than 0.5 mm wide and can reduce intraoperative bleeding and postoperative swelling. This laser emits a longer wavelength than that transmitted by other types. Their penetration depth of 0.03 mm is very safe [29]. Coagulation in small blood vessels and sealing of lymphatic and small peripheral nerves have been reported in experimental studies using CO2 lasers. Therefore, CO2 laser may also offer more comfort to patients by facilitating the process of wound healing after surgery. It can evaporate through the surrounding tissue without physical force, sealing the vessel and minimizing bleeding. It is thus useful when a bloodless view is required during surgery. Regarding its disadvantages, the equipment is expensive and its sophisticated operation is technically difficult. There is a risk of fire if the laser is used improperly. It can also damage the cornea of the surgeon and the patient; thus, eye protection is required.
“Simulation of medical goggles to stop airborne transmission of viruses: computational fluid dynamics in ergonomics”
Published in Ergonomics, 2023
Wenxiu Yang, Tingshu Chen, Haining Wang, Renke He
Moreover, most existing studies have focussed on masks and face shields, whereas medical goggles also represent an important piece of PPE and are used very frequently, especially in areas with high infection risk, such as medical settings. Some related studies showed that the coronavirus may spread through the air and cause infection through the conjunctiva if no eye-protective measures are taken (Lu, Liu, and Jia 2020; Li et al. 2020), and subsequent studies confirmed this finding (Zhou et al. 2020; Zhang et al. 2020). Mizukoshi et al. (2021) assessed the risk posed by coronavirus through multiple SARS-CoV-2 exposure pathways in a healthcare setting and found that the risk of infection is much lower with eye protection than without eye protection. Medical goggles or face shields are used to prevent the patient's blood, body fluids and other infectious substances from entering the human eye (Li and Wu 2020). Both the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the Centres for Disease Control (CDC) recommend the use of eye protection to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases, and medical goggles are the preferred method of protection (Veltri 2021; Eye and Face Protection eTool 2021; CDC 2021). Face shields should not be used as the primary measure of eye protection due to the lack of a peripheral facial seal and decreased efficacy with small droplets and aerosolized particles. Because medical goggles form a protective seal around the eyes and prevent objects or droplets from entering from beneath or around them, they have been shown to significantly reduce the transmission of infectious diseases (Yin et al. 2004). However, according to investigations of the risk factors for occupational exposure and the effectiveness of medical goggles for healthcare workers, many problems with the existing medical goggles remain; therefore, healthcare workers still do not know whether medical goggles play a protective role and how effective they are (Zuo et al. 2020; Yin, et al. 2020). In addition, current ergonomic research on medical goggles is focussed on analysing comfort-related stress based on the finite element method (FEM) (Yang, Wang, and He 2022; Dai, Yang, and Zhuang 2011; Lei, Yang, and Zhuang 2012). There is a lack of studies exploring the ergonomics of medical goggles from the perspective of inhibiting virus transmission.