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Bio-Based Materials for Active Food Packaging
Published in Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar, Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani, Senthilkumar Krishnasamy, Suchart Siengchin, Food Packaging, 2020
Ângelo Luís, Fernanda Domingues, Filomena Silva
Other times, these polymers are used in combination with synthetic, biodegradable ones such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), polyethylene oxide and poly(vinyl alcohol) to take advantage of the improved barrier and processing properties of these materials, while ensuring that the final polymers would be biodegradable (see Table 1.5). Furthermore, the addition of bio-based polymers to synthetic ones such as ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) with very low biodegradability, leads to the formation of biodegradable composites.
Extrusion of Oriented LCP Film and Tubing
Published in Robert R. Luise, of High Temperature Polymers, 1997
Although ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) is a very good oxygen barrier when dry, it has poor resistance and barrier to water vapor, and does not retain much strength at high temperatures used for food sterilization. For these reasons, manufacturers of packaged foods are looking into multilayer LCP film, sheets, and tubes for pouches, trays, and lids used in packaging. Superex has demonstrated the ability to coextrude a PET-tie layer-LCP film, as shown schematically in Figure 11.
Industrial Polymers
Published in Manas Chanda, Plastics Technology Handbook, 2017
Hydrolysis of EVA copolymers yields ethylene–vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH). EVOH has exceptional gas barrier properties as well as oil and organic solvent resistance. The poor moisture resistance of EVOH is overcome by coating, coextrusion, and lamination with other substrates. Applications include containers for food (ketchup, jelly, mayonnaise) as well as chemicals and solvents.
Unified Dosimetry Quality Audit Index: an integrated Monte Carlo model-based quality assurance ranking for radiotherapy treatment of glioblastoma multiforme
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2023
Praveen Kumar C, Lalit M. Aggarwal, Saju Bhasi, Neeraj Sharma
GBM 29, GBM 30 (68): The composition of Onyx for resynthesising the material slab mathematically was as follows: 32% ethylene–vinyl alcohol (EVOH) copolymer, 58.2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and 38.6% micronised tantalum powder. Elemental composition was deduced as C = 0.178778958, H = 0.045052974, S = 0.23889338, O = 0.11918597209 and Ta = 0.386. The density value was assigned to the Onyx-18 as 2.71 g/cm3 and calculated mean excitation energy of 184.9 eV. Onyx-34 embolic material had the same composition as of Onyx-18 with the density of 2.89 g/cm3 and mean excitation energy of 184.9 eV. Onyx-18 and Onyx-34 were designated as ANOE521 and ANOT521 correspondingly in the phantom. Slab dimensions for an aneurysm volume of 0.174 mL were deduced as R = 2.4232 cm and; Z = 0.1286315 cm.
A review of immobilization techniques to improve the stability and bioactivity of lysozyme
Published in Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews, 2021
Paul T. Anastas, Alina Rodriguez, Tamara M. de Winter, Philip Coish, Julie B. Zimmerman
Muriel-Galet et al. (70) used two different ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH 29 and EVOH 44), which were modified with UV irradiation treatment to generate carboxylic groups. Afterwards the film was treated with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and lysozyme which resulted in covalently bound lysozyme to the co-polymer (Figure 8). Gram-positive Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) was used to test antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial properties of this immobilized lysozyme was equivalent to that of free lysozyme and lasted for approximately 24 h. However, activity was significantly reduced after this period to a mean activity of 120 and 125 units/mg for lysozyme immobilized on EVOH 29 and EVOH 44, respectively. The authors proposed that the activity loss could be from enzyme denaturation, limitations to substrate accessibility due to enzyme orientation, steric hindrance, or diffusion limitations.
Ultra-lightweight fiber-reinforced envelope material for high-altitude airship
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2022
Rahul Vallabh, Ang Li, Philip D. Bradford, David Kim, Abdel-Fattah M. Seyam
The primary load-bearing layer in the laminates was a Zylon® fiber reinforcement (FR) in form of a woven fabric or a cross-plied non-crimp (non-interlaced) fabric. Zylon® was chosen because of its superior mechanical and thermal properties compared to other commercially available high-performance fibers (Toyobo Co. Ltd., Zylon, 2005). However, all high-performance yarns including Zylon® are susceptible to photodegradation which is more severe at high altitudes where irradiance levels are high (Orndoff, 1995; Said et al., 2006; Vallabh et al., 2016). To protect against photodegradation, the fiber reinforcement layer was bonded to 12.5 µm polyimide (PI) film (environmental protection layer) on the outside (the side exposed to the environment). The PI film, which also served as a helium barrier layer, was coated one or both sides with vacuum-deposited aluminum (VDA) along with a corrosion resistance coating (CRC) over the VDA coating on the outside. An additional helium barrier layer in form a 6.7 µm Mylar® (PET) film was also bonded on the inside of the laminates. The PET film is coated with VDA on one side. The VDA coated PET and PI films are henceforth referred as VDA/PET, VDA/PI, and CRC/VDA/PI/VDA, respectively. A 12.5 or a 15.0 µm ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) film was used as adhesive layer for bonding the constituent layers. The ability of EVOH (as melt adhesive) to form strong bond between the Zylon® FR and the adjacent metallized film layers (VDA/PET and CRC/VDA/PI/VDA), enabled the use of thin EVOH films as adhesive layers, thus achieving high specific strength (strength-to-weight ratio) of the laminates.