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Functional Anatomy and Biomechanics
Published in Emeric Arus, Biomechanics of Human Motion, 2017
Musculus erector spinae represents three different muscles, musculus ilio- costalis, longissimus, and spinalis. These muscles adhere to three distinctive regions of the vertebral column. They occupy the costovertebral grooves excepting the iliocostalis muscle. They have a commune muscular mass on the sacrolumbar portion of the sacrum which is connected to fascia toraco- lumbaris. Also this commune muscular mass is connected to the spinous processes of the last lumbar vertebrae, the median ridge of the sacral bone, the posterior part of the sacrum, and on the posterosuperior iliac spine.
A biomechanical evaluation of different footrest heights during standing computer work
Published in Ergonomics, 2021
Andrew C. Cregg, Ryan C. A. Foley, Lori A. Livingston, Nicholas J. La Delfa
The purpose of this study was to examine how the presence of a footrest affects joint angles, muscle activation, weight distribution, range of sway, balance variability and discomfort when compared to flat ground stance, and to understand how modifying the height of a footrest alters these parameters. We targeted our investigation of muscle activity to the lumbar erector spinae (LES), gluteus medius (GMe) and tensor fascia lata (TFL). Joint angles of interest included the thoraco-lumbar, lumbo-pelvic and bilateral hip joints (lumbar-to-thigh joints). Force measures from both legs were used to examine the percentage of weight distribution to either limb, centre of pressure (COP) range of sway and coefficient of variation (CV). Finally, the visual analogue scale was used to examine changes in discomfort.
Office Chair Backrest Height Affects Physiological Responses to Sitting
Published in IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors, 2020
Kayla M. Fewster, Graham Mayberry, Jack P. Callaghan
Muscle activity was measured bilaterally from five muscle groups: thoracic erector spinae (TES), at the level of the ninth thoracic vertebrae; lumbar erector spinae (LES), at the level of the third lumbar vertebrae; rectus abdominus (RA), approximately 3 cm lateral to the umbilicus; sternocleidomastoid (SCM), along the sternal portion of the muscle, with the electrode center 1/3 of the distance between the mastoid process and the sternal notch, approximate level of the fourth cervical vertebrae; and cervical erector spinae (CES), at the level of the fifth cervical vertebrae. Electrode placements were confirmed through palpation and muscle testing. A reference electrode was placed on the rib cage. For each muscle, the skin was shaved using disposable razors and cleaned using an abrasive cloth soaked in a 60% ethanol solution prior to electrode application. Two Ag/Ag-Cl disk electrodes (Blue Sensor, Medicotest Inc., Ølstykke, Denmark) were applied over each muscle with a 2 cm inter-electrode distance; signals were differentially amplified (AMT-8, Bortec, Calgary, AB, Canada; CMRR: 115 dB; Impedance: 1010Ω; Gain range utilized: 500–2000) and band pass filtered from 10 to 1000 Hz prior to sampling at 2500 Hz (1st Principles, Northern Digital Waterloo, ON, Canada; ±10 V input range; 16-bit A/D conversion card).
Effects of knee flexion angles in supine bridge exercise on trunk and pelvic muscle activity
Published in Research in Sports Medicine, 2020
Indy Man Kit Ho, Lai Ping Cindy Ng, Kin on Leonardo Lee, Tze Chung Jim Luk
The major hip extensor muscles include the gluteus maximus and hamstring, while the erector spinae (ER) groups are the key back extensors (Moore, 2014). The weakness of gluteus maximus has been associated with lower back pain (Choi et al., 2015), iliotibial band syndrome (Fredericson et al., 2000), sacroiliac joint dysfunction (Choi et al., 2015) and patellofemoral pain syndrome (Souza & Powers, 2009). In this regard, one of the primary aims for strength coaches and therapists is to prescribe appropriate exercises to maximize the activation and strengthening effects of gluteus maximus for injury prevention.