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Small Animal Handling, Care, and Anesthesia
Published in George C. Kagadis, Nancy L. Ford, Dimitrios N. Karnabatidis, George K. Loudos, Handbook of Small Animal Imaging, 2018
Enrichment or environmental enrichment is the addition of objects or alterations in an animal’s environment that allows an animal to display species-specific behaviors. For example, group housing rodents would be considered an environmental enrichment as it allows for conspecific grooming. Other standard enrichments in rodent environments may include nesting, group housing, hiding spaces/devices, climbing devices, foraging devices, or food treats. Enrichment, while often not standardized or well defined, does have the potential to produce positive or negative effects on many types of research (Bayne 2005). Little is known about the effects of standard enrichments such as nesting on imaging outcomes. However, for example, nesting has a significant impact on body temperature (Gaskill et al. 2012), which may be critical for physiological homeostasis and survival post-anesthesia/imaging. Enrichment should always be a study component and should be evaluated prior to its use.
Impact of distance on stroke inpatients’ mobility in rehabilitation clinics: a shadowing study
Published in Building Research & Information, 2022
Maja Kevdzija, Gesine Marquardt
Due to the importance of patient activity during rehabilitation, recent research has focused on using the concept of an enriched environment to increase their activity levels. In the context of rehabilitation, environmental enrichment refers to the provision of a stimulating setting with a variety of materials for patients to exercise their cognitive and physical abilities, such as books, puzzles, newspapers, games, music (Janssen et al., 2014b), usually without modifying the built environment. Several studies were conducted using similar principles of an enriched environment with mixed results on the effect of this intervention on patients’ activity levels (Janssen et al., 2014b, 2021; Rosbergen et al., 2017). The authors of the latest study identified its negligible effect on activity levels. They concluded that the re-design of the built environment might be necessary to support and promote patients’ activities, in addition to environmental enrichment (Janssen et al., 2021). Based on the available research that highlights the inactivity of stroke patients and the activity-hindering built environment, it is necessary to examine the built environment's various aspects to better understand how they impact patients’ activity and mobility.