Enterotype

Enterotype

Gut Microbiome and Heavy Metals

Published in Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Metal Toxicology Handbook, 2020

Ashfaque Hossain, Muhammad Manjurul Karim, Tania Akter Jhuma, Godfred A. Menezes

Enterotype: Classification of human gut microbiome according to its characteristics. Microbiome of enterotype-1, enterotype-2, and enterotype-3 represents eubiotic, dysbiotic, and mixed-type microbiome, respectively (Arumugam et al., 2011).

An overview of the current progress, challenges, and prospects of human biomonitoring and exposome studies

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Journal Information

Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019

Mariana Zuccherato Bocato, João Paulo Bianchi Ximenez, Christian Hoffmann, Fernando Barbosa

Feeding, drug use, exposure to chemical agents are among the many factors that modulate the human intestinal microbiome (Robert et al. 2017). Among these, a relationship between general patterns of food intake and at least two microbial profiles in human populations was detected (Arumugam et al. 2011; Wu et al. 2011). These profiles, termed enterotypes, are marked by the abundance of one or more bacteria. An example is the regular intake of carbohydrates and the presence of more excessive quantities of the intestinal Prevotella genus, whereas individuals who generally ingest a diet richer in protein and fat exhibit a predominance of the genus Bacteroides. Although these studies have now been replicated by several groups, these investigations are predominantly based upon surveys conducted in the United States and Europe. However, it should be noted that intestinal microbiome profiles in several other populations around the world do not conform to either of these two standards (Clemente et al. 2015; Gomez et al. 2016; Obregon-Tito et al. 2015; Schnorr et al. 2018).

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Gut Microbiome and Heavy Metals

An overview of the current progress, challenges, and prospects of human biomonitoring and exposome studies