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Other Modification Processes
Published in Dick Sandberg, Andreja Kutnar, Olov Karlsson, Dennis Jones, Wood Modification Technologies, 2021
Dick Sandberg, Andreja Kutnar, Olov Karlsson, Dennis Jones
Refractory species has been incised with Bacillus subtilis (Pânek and Reinprecht, 2008), Bacillus licheniformis (Yildiz et al., 2012), and Bacillus polymyxa (Knuth and McCoy, 1962). The use of further genera has been reported by Rossell et al. (1973) and Schmidt and Dietrichs (1976), including Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium and Serratia, while Kurowski and Dunleavy (1976) identified Cytophaga johnsonii and Macken and Pickaver (1979) suggested Enterobacter cloacae as potential species for improving permeability. While log-pond storage (“ponding”) has long been a means of storage, it has also been found to promote degradation by bacteria such as Pseudomonas sp. and Staphylococcus sp. (Kobayashi et al., 1998).
Phenotypic and genotypic profile of the antimicrobial resistance of bacterial isolates and evaluation of physical and chemical potability indicators in groundwater in Brazil.
Published in International Journal of Environmental Health Research, 2021
Fernanda Modesto Tolentino, Ivete Aparecida Zago Castanheira De Almeida, Cecilia Cristina Marques Dos Santos, Inara Siqueira De Carvalho Teixeira, Sonia Izaura De Lima E Silva, Mara Correa Lelles Nogueira, Máira Gazzola Arroyo, Wilson Roberto Faim, Margarete Teresa Gottardo De Almeida, Jacqueline Tanury Macruz Peresi
Phenotypic resistance assays revealed that of the enterobacteria, seven isolates were resistant to one or more beta-lactams (3 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Citrobacter freundii, 1 Cronobacter sakazakii, 1 Enterobacter aerogenes and 1 E. coli); 18 to quinolones (7 E. cloacae, 3 E. coli, 6 C. freundii, 1 C. sakazakii and 1 E. aerogenes); 13 to tetracycline (1 Klebsiella oxytoca, 2 E. aerogenes, 4 Serratia marcescens, 3 E. coli, 1 C. freundii, 1 Proteus mirabilis and 1 Serratia odorifera); six to chloramphenicol (2 E. coli, 1 E. cloacae, 2 C. freundii and 1 S. marcescens); and two to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (E. coli). Among these, 31% (eleven strains) presented resistance to two or more classes of antimicrobials. Notably, the isolates that showed intermediate resistance were interpreted as resistant and included in the PCR reactions to investigate resistance genes (Table 6).