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Microfluidic Electroporation and Applications
Published in Tuhin S. Santra, Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS, 2020
Koyel Dey, Srabani Kar, Pallavi Shinde, Loganathan Mohan, Saumendra Kumar Bajpai, Tuhin S. Santra
Electroporation is a powerful technique for cell therapy and analysis. Current micro-/nanofluidic device–based electroporation technologies have the capability to deliver biomolecules of different sizes in different cell types with high cell viability and high transfection efficiency. These devices can perform spatial, temporal, and qualitative dosage control, which can be considered as a major advantage for cell-based research and therapeutic applications. Emerging techniques, such as electrofusion, have helped in enhancing cell fusion, thus helping in eliminating diseases and also helping in cell reconstruction and regeneration. In the future, the focus can be on optimizing current technologies, which may provide unknown insights into cells and provide breakthroughs in cell-based analysis, cell regeneration, and regenerative medicine.
Dosimetry in Electroporation-Based Technologies and Treatments
Published in Marko Markov, Dosimetry in Bioelectromagnetics, 2017
Eva Pirc, Matej Reberšek, Damijan Miklavčič
Electroporation is a phenomenon in which cells that are exposed to a high enough electric field increase permeability and conductivity of their membranes. Each biological cell is surrounded by a membrane that mainly consists of phospholipids. Lipids in aqueous conditions spontaneously form a two-molecule thick layer as a result of their dielectric properties. Water and water-soluble molecules cannot pass the entirely intact barrier only by diffusion (Deamer and Bramhall, 1986). In addition, biological membrane also contains glycolipids, cholesterol, and various proteins, which enable selective transport of some molecules from intracellular space to the cell interior and vice versa (Kotnik et al., 2012).
Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Published in Inamuddin, Mohd Imran Ahamed, Rajender Boddula, Tariq Altalhi, Nanogenerators, 2023
Ritvik B. Panicker, Ashish Kapoor, Kannan Deepa, Prabhakar Sivaraman
Electro-transfection is a common gene delivery method, which uses electroporation. Electroporation is a method that employs the use of electric field to make the cell membrane more permeable. The permeable cells can take genes, drugs, and proteins. Yang et al. (2019) reported the application of TENG-powered nanowire electrode array for electro-transfection into a variety of mammalian cells. The nanowires were made on a copper mesh. The TENG had PTFE/Cu as a negative TENG layer and aluminum that served as the electrode and frictional layer.
In-situ transesterification of single-cell oil for biodiesel production: a review
Published in Preparative Biochemistry & Biotechnology, 2023
Tasneem Gufrana, Hasibul Islam, Shivani Khare, Ankita Pandey, Radha P.
This method is primarily performed by electroporation, where pores develop in the cell wall and membrane. Aside from cell destruction, pulsed electrical field therapy causes a rise in temperature, which affects and destroys intracellular molecules, as well as an increase in lipid extraction. Pulsed electric field treatment in conjunction with extraction technologies to recover lipids has the potential for large-scale use and continuous lipid extraction systems.[14] PEF has recently been reported to be convincing for extracting intracellular compounds from wet biomass[145] and for lipid extraction from algae Synechocystis PCC 6803.[146] The overall extraction efficiency was 70%, but the total recovered FAME was only 3.03% based on dry cell weight.
Recent advances in nanotechnology based combination drug therapy for skin cancer
Published in Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition, 2022
Shweta Kumari, Prabhat Kumar Choudhary, Rahul Shukla, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Prashant Kesharwani
The combined properties of ultrasound and electroporation on NPs have not been extensively used. The use of ultrasound on cells and tissues comprises acoustic creep, cavitation and thermal increases. The cell membranes permeability increases after electroporation due to influence of properly controlled electric field. Liu et al. [143] reported the antimetastatic and antiproliferative effects in vivo and in vitro in a murine model of melanoma treatment by docetaxel and chlorin e6 (Ce6)-loaded NPs and use of low intensity ultrasound. Similarly, Prasad and Banerjee [144], developed curcumin (Cur) and topotecan (Tpt) co-loaded nanoconjugates (Cur_Tpt_NC). B16F10 cells were incubated with Cur_Tpt_NC and exposed to ultrasound. Ultrasound exposure decreases the IC50 concentration of curcumin and topotecan significantly (p < 0.05) in comparison to free drugs. The study on Anti-tumour efficacy of Cur_Tpt_NC.MB in B16F10 melanoma skin cell carcinoma comprising C57BL/6 mice exhibited that right tumour cells exposure with ultrasound decreased the growth of tumour by approximately 3.5 times in comparison to the unexposed left tumour in the same mice.
L ∞(L 2) and L ∞(H 1) norms error estimates in finite element methods for electric interface model
Published in Applicable Analysis, 2021
The electrical properties of biological tissues and cell suspensions have been of interest for over a century for many reasons (cf. [6]). To analyze the response of a tissue to external electric field, we need adequate mathematical models that characterize field distributions in biological systems. Exposure of cells to an external electric field induces a voltage on the cell membrane called the transmembrane voltage (cf. [9,10]). The value and the spatial distribution of the transmembrane voltage are of significant interest in the electroporation of the cell membrane. Once the required voltage of electroporation is achieved the lipid bilayer molecules of the membrane rearrange themselves and form pores in the membrane through which ions and impermeable molecules can pass and enter the cytoplasm [11]. Electroporation is gaining increased importance because of its clinical applications in gene therapy and drug delivery as a method to introduce new DNA and drugs into a cell in order to change its function [12]. Several electrical models have been developed for biological cells exposed to an external electric field to obtain the distribution of the transmembrane voltage in [13].