China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Liposome-Based Delivery of Therapeutic Agents
Published in Emmanuel Opara, Controlled Drug Delivery Systems, 2020
Eneida de Paula, Juliana Damasceno Oliveira, Fernando Freitas de Lima, Lígia Nunes de Morais Ribeiro
Another example of successful encapsulation of LA in liposomes is LMX4®, a topical (liposomal lidocaine 4 % cream) formulation. Taddio et al.63 demonstrated its superior analgesia, shortening the onset of action with minimal vasoactive properties and minor dermal changes, when compared with other topical LA formulation such as lidocaine-prilocaine 5 % cream (EMLA®) for intravenous cannulation in children.63,64 Since there are many adverse effects related to EMLA, e.g. methemoglobinemia, vasoconstriction,65–67 erythema, blanching, edema, and irritation,68,69 encapsulation into liposomes was proposed to decrease them.70
Local anesthetics classification: Artificial intelligence information entropy
Published in A. K. Haghi, Lionello Pogliani, Francisco Torrens, Devrim Balköse, Omari V. Mukbaniani, Andrew G. Mercader, Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 2017
Francisco. torrens, Gloria. castellano
First, topical anesthetics advance for minimizing pain during cutaneous procedures. Eutectic mixture of similar local anesthetics lidocaine/ prilocaine 2.5/2.5 wt.% (EMLA®) is most widely used topical anesthetic given efficacy/safety. Present classification is useful for design of mixtures of dissimilar anesthetics (low potency + long duration with high potency + short duration) [lidocaine/prilocaine/dibucaine (betacaine-LA), 1:1 lidocaine/tetracaine eutectic mixture (S-caine)] and applies to difficult cases (ice, alcohols). Ice/EMLA decay discomfort associated with needle injection: EMLA surpasses in pain control but ice, in ease of use, fast action, and inexpensiveness.
Combined high-intensity interval training as an obesity-management strategy for adolescents
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2023
António Videira-Silva, Megan Hetherington-Rauth, Luís B. Sardinha, Helena Fonseca
Biochemical analyses were performed in the laboratory of clinical pathology at the HSM. Blood samples were collected after overnight fasting (12 h) in the presence of one of the parents/caregivers, and after a local application of a topical anesthesia patch (EMLA). Blood glucose levels were determined using hexokinase method and insulin was assessed using a chemiluminescence immunoassay technique. Insulin resistance was derived from the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) method. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined using enzymatic, GPO-trinder, and direct methods, respectively. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated based on total cholesterol and HDL-C levels (Dansethakul, Thapanathamchai, Saichanma, Worachartcheewan, & Pidetcha, 2015). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were assessed with modified IFCC method. C-reactive protein was determined using a turbidimetric immunoassay (Siemens, ADVIA 2400, Newark, DE, USA).