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Cardiovascular System:
Published in Michel R. Labrosse, Cardiovascular Mechanics, 2018
The left ventricle ejects approximately 70 mL during each beat (this is known as the stroke volume) and about 5 L per minute (known as the cardiac output). Cardiac output is the product of stroke volume and heart rate. Stroke volume is dependent on the contractile ability of the heart muscle, as well as the amount of blood in the ventricles at the end of filling (the end-diastolic volume, or EDV). Commonly, the EDV in the left ventricle will be in the range of 110–120 mL. After contraction, the end-systolic volume (or ESV) ranges from 40 to 50 mL. The difference between the EDV and the ESV is the stroke volume. Clinically, the term ejection fraction is often used, which represents the stroke volume as a percentage of the EDV. Normal ejection fractions are approximately 66%–68%.
Images in Radiology: Concepts of Image Acquisition and the Nature of Images
Published in Mitul Kumar Ahirwal, Narendra D. Londhe, Anil Kumar, Artificial Intelligence Applications for Health Care, 2022
One should understand certain terms here, such as systole – contraction and diastole – relaxation. The images through the complete cardiac or ECG cycle are loaded on a dedicated software available with the MRI scanners on an attached workstation. The system detects the images in diastole and systole and then allows for certain calculations from the clinical point of view. Thus, it enables the radiologist to calculate the ventricular function in the following parameters:End-diastolic volume (EDV): The volume of the ventricular cavity at the end of the diastole (just before the start of the systole) expressed as milliliters.End-systolic volume (ESV): Ventricular cavity volume at the end of the systolic phase (just before the ventricle starts relaxing) expressed as milliliters.Stroke volume (SV): The volume of the blood that the ventricle ejects out and is essentially the difference of EDV and ESV and also expressed as milliliters.SV=EDV−ESVEjection fraction (EF): The ratio of SV as toEDV and expressed as a percentage.EF=SVEDV×100
Varying speed modulation of continuous-flow left ventricular assist device based on cardiovascular coupling numerical model
Published in Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, 2021
Hongtao Liu, Shuqin Liu, Xiaoxu Ma
End diastolic volume (EDV) is an important factor in determining native heart load. According to Frank-Starling’s law of the heart, the external work against the afterload depends on EDV (Umeki et al. 2012). The area surrounded by the left ventricular pressure-volume loop can represent the LVEW (Pirbodaghi et al. 2012; Umeki et al. 2012).