China 
Africa 
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Particle Engineering Technology for Inhaled Therapies
Published in Anthony J. Hickey, Sandro R.P. da Rocha, Pharmaceutical Inhalation Aerosol Technology, 2019
David Lechuga-Ballesteros, Susan Hoe, Benjamin W. Maynor
The use of phospholipids is widespread in the formulation of intravenous oncology therapies (e.g. Doxil®), where the composition of liposomes is designed to encapsulate the cytotoxic drug, modify absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) characteristics, and thus improve the safety and efficacy of the drug. Given the proliferation of saturated and unsaturated phospholipids in mammalian lung surfactant (see Table 14.2), phospholipids are also an excipient option for inhalation. Phospholipids have successfully been used to manufacture liposomal dispersions for pulmonary delivery. Inhaled dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) is used as a lung surfactant in a formulation (Survanta®) for prevention and treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in premature newborns. Linhaliq® and Lipoquin®liposomal ciprofloxacin for nebulization (HSPC:Chol) and Insmed’s ALIS (Amikacin liposomal inhalation solution) (DPPC:Chol 2:1 neutrally charged) are two other examples of inhaled phospholipid formulations. Liposomal dispersions have been proven ideal to increase the residence time of the drug in the lung and thereby frequency of administration and increase local effect, properties advantageous for inhaled antibiotics for lung infections (Cipolla et al. 2014).
Biosensing and Cancer Treatment with Magnetic Nanoparticles
Published in Li Jun, Wu Nianqiang, Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials and Nanodevices, 2017
Stefan Bossmann, Viktor Chikan, Raj Kumar Dani
Magnetic NPs can be effectively used in drug delivery systems, such as liposomes. Liposomes were first described in 1961 (published 196478) by Alec Bangham. Liposomes (and the payload that they have trapped inside during formation), can be separated from smaller molecules simply by gel filtration or dialysis, making them very useful delivery agents.79 Liposomes are stable in blood, not releasing their contents,79a,80 and when incubated with plasma constituents, they retain their spherical shape.79b,81 Liposomes made from L,α-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) are widely used for the intravenous delivery of drugs, because they are not prohibitively expensive and feature suitable biophysical properties. To date, several liposomal drug delivery systems have been developed (e.g., Nicoderm and others)82 that rely on the slow release of their payload. However, for the treatment of cancer or infectious diseases, it is certainly desirable to deliver the payload (drug) at once after the target has been reached. Several research groups have used AC-magnetic hyperthermia to trigger the release of magnetoliposomes’ payload by heating magnetic NPs within the supramolecular nanostructure until they either burst or (partially) dissolve in the surrounding aqueous medium.22 Although this approach appears to work, it has the disadvantage that the liposomes’ payload may be damaged by the heat. To eliminate this, instead of using AC magnetic fields, short magnetic pulses could be used to reduce the temperature increase. Figure 16.19 shows a scheme of magnetic NPs at different locations in the liposomes for efficient liposome burst triggering. It is anticipated that magnetic NPs placed within or in close proximity of the bilayer of the lipid will be more effective in drug delivery allowing the reduction of the concentration of magnetic NPs that are needed for successful triggering of the liposomes.
Progress in spray-drying of protein pharmaceuticals: Literature analysis of trends in formulation and process attributes
Published in Drying Technology, 2021
Joana T. Pinto, Eva Faulhammer, Johanna Dieplinger, Michael Dekner, Christian Makert, Marco Nieder, Amrit Paudel
With respect to lipid excipients, dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), an endogenous phospholipid to the lung, has been frequently applied to protein formulations, particularly, inhaled ones. In combination with sugars (i.e. lactose, mannitol, trehalose), DPPC has been used to produce spray-dried inhalable particles of bFGF, human growth and parathyroid hormones, wherein the lipid showed to induce aggregation of bFGF.[94] For human growth and parathyroid hormones, DPPC was shown to enrich the surface of the spray-dried particles, thus stabilizing them. The lipid acted as barrier to moisture uptake, thereby preventing the crystallization of the sugar present in the formulations of the hormones.[84,86] In combination with Eudragit® E100, DPPC was used to produce microparticles of albumin that exhibited sustained release profiles.[169] Another lipid, egg lecithin (Lipoid E80®), was used in combination with hyaluronic acid to produce sustained release formulations of human growth hormone for subcutaneous injection.[82] Triethyl acetate, a lyophilic molecule, was applied as a plasticizer for the enteric coating of oral vaccines of Vibrio cholera.[121]