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Hydrogen and Electricity Production from Oil and Gas Wastes
Published in Wael Ahmed Ismail, Jonathan Van Hamme, Hydrocarbon Biotechnology, 2023
Scott J. Satinover, Abhijeet P. Borole
More recently, flowback water from unconventional reservoirs was used in a sulfur-sulfate mediated MFC for removal of organics and iron by using a combined community or sulfide oxidizing and sulfate-reducing bacteria (Zhang et al., 2018). The study focused primarily on microbial community and chemical species reduction but did not necessarily document performance, making comparisons between other MFCs from an energy generating perspective challenges. The authors found that the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi dominated the anodes. Interestingly, the authors suggested the large quantity of unclassified Desulfuromonadales detected contributed to electricity production and sulfate oxidation in some fashion. While Fe(III) reduction can be valuable for precipitating iron and sulfate from produced waters, the requirement for sulfate-sulfur mediation may inhibit the viability of this technology since most produced waters contain sulfate. Mediator-less BESs may promote different microbial communities as well.
Using a Holistic Monitoring Approach to Set Effective Control Strategies
Published in Kenneth Wunch, Marko Stipaničev, Max Frenzel, Microbial Bioinformatics in the Oil and Gas Industry, 2021
Of interest was the very high fraction of the sulfide-oxidizing bacterium Acrobacter in the PWRI water sample (25%), as well as that of the related Sulfurimonas (1.0% in PWRI water) and Sulfurospirillum (0.5% in PWRI water), but not in the PW sample. These taxa oxidize sulfide while reducing nitrate or oxygen. However, nitrate treatment was not used at this site, and a DA tower is used to deaerate the seawater, seemingly eliminating the obvious sources for nitrate or oxygen. Though the seawater is also treated with an oxygen scavenger, the possibility of residual oxygen concentration was investigated. Records showed that during a maintenance shut down, fluids were left untreated in the DA as well as in associated pipework and could potentially have added to the increase of microbiological numbers. Additionally, oxygen readings had been above the platform specification (<5 ppb) occasionally, which in itself poses a corrosion issue. If this partially oxygenated seawater is combined with sulfide-containing produced water, ideal conditions are created for the growth of Arcobacter and other sulfide-oxidizing bacteria (SOB). These can produce sulfur, which can, in turn, be reduced to sulfide by SuRB of the order Desulfuromonadales. Hence, the data indicates cycling of sulfur in the PWRI water, but possibly also in the PW. Because sulfur is highly corrosive toward carbon steel, the microbial community compositions found in these samples suggests an environment which is more corrosive than one in which only SRP are present. Sulfur as a significant intermediate increases the probability of corrosion damage.
Microbial abundance and community in constructed wetlands planted with Phragmites australis and Typha orientalis in winter
Published in International Journal of Phytoremediation, 2021
Jiewei Ding, Yingchao Jia, Congcong Zhao, Wenbin Bo, Xiaoqing Xu, Ruiyuan Lv, Guoying Zhou, Qiang Kong, Yuanda Du, Fei Xu, Qian Wang
The microbial composition structure of the total bacteria in the CWs is shown in Figure 5. The results showed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Cyanobacteria were detected as three dominant phyla in the systems. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in the PA was 44.57%, followed by that in the TO (39.67%), whereas the lowest was in the CT (30.60%). Previous studies have confirmed that many microbes under the phylum Proteobacteria (i.e. Methylophilales, Nitrosomonadales, and Desulfuromonadales) are involved in global carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur cycling, which play a good role in removing environmental pollutants (Ansola et al.2014). The proportion of Bacteroidetes in PA and TO was 14.85% and 23.37%, higher than that in CT (13.65%). These strains were found to be capable of fixing nitrogen and actively participating in the nitrogen cycle in CWs (Alishahi et al. 2020). The relative abundance of Cyanobacteria in CT was detected to be 22.11%, 1.5 and 3.5 times of PA (14.86%) and TO (6.31%), respectively. This is consistent with previous study that more Cyanobacteria were found in CWs without plants because that Cyanobacteria could make full use of light energy with no shade from plants (Wang et al. 2016b). The Cyanobacteria has been widely reported to have a good function in degrading organic pollutants and has also contributed to the carbon cycle (Savage et al. 2010). However, the abundance of Cyanobacteria decreased significantly in winter compared with warming seasons affected by temperature (Wang et al. 2016b). Therefore, the pollutants removal rates in CT were limited in winter.