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Modeling and Experimental Verifications of Cell Tensegrity
Published in Ning Xi, Mingjun Zhang, Guangyong Li, Modeling and Control for Micro/Nano Devices and Systems, 2017
Ning Xi, Ruiguo Yang, Carmen Kar Man Fung, King Wai Chiu Lai, Bo Song, Kristina Seiffert-Sinha, Animesh A. Sinha
The tensegrity modeling of adherent cells is normally about single cells, and only cell– ECM interaction is considered in most cases. Cell– cell interactions, although often ignored when considering cell anchorage, can also be a source of external support in terms of force balancing. As a special type of cell– cell adhesion structure, desmosome is one of the main cell– cell adhesion complexes in epithelial cells that provides mechanical strength to maintain the tissue integrity. Desmosome links the intermediate filaments of neighboring cells through a cadherin type of adhesion. From the development point of view, desmosomes from different layers of epidermis vary in size and appearance: the basal layer epidermis has less- organized desmosomes with smaller dimensions compared with desmosomes in the suprabasal layers [11]. Apparently, cells at the suprabasal layers are tougher and stronger. We speculate that when the desmosome becomes denser, cellular tension becomes stronger and the prestress becomes larger. All this evidence points to the idea that cell– cell adhesions, especially desmosomes, play an important role in providing external support just as focal adhesions do. In this study, we put this hypothesis to the test by modulating the cell– cell adhesions between neighboring cells using biochemical and mechanical methods, and were able to obtain quantitative stiffness data validating the change of cellular stiffness.
Microfluidics in Neuroscience
Published in Tuhin S. Santra, Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS, 2020
Pallavi Gupta, Nandhini Balasubramaniam, Kiran Kaladharan, Fan-Gang Tseng, Moeto Nagai, Hwan-You Chang, Tuhin S. Santra
One of the goals to carry out direct co-culturing is to investigate the roles of gap junctions, tight junctions, and desmosomes. Intercellular exchange of soluble molecules occurs between cells, and it is referred to as the gap junction mechanism. A tight junction occurs when cells are in close contact with one another. Tight junctions regulate the paracellular permeability, which is essential to establish compartments with different compositions in the body. Desmosomes are thread-like substances and are the main component in maintaining adhesive cell interactions. The main disadvantage of direct co-culture systems is that the effect of diffusible biomolecules secreted by one cell type on other cell types cannot be studied.
Recapitulate genistein for topical applications including nanotechnology delivery
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Afroz Jahan, Juber Akhtar, Neha Jaiswal, Asad Ali, Usama Ahmad
Topical delivery is hampered by the complex physiology of the skin. The stratum cornea, which consists of densely packed lipid mortar and protein components, acts as the primary barrier to drug penetration among all these layers. Desmosomes are constituted of stratum granulosum and act as a barrier by forming a connection with neighbouring cells. Keratinocytes produce glycolipid, which transforms into keratin, which acts as a water repellent. The degree of ionization, partition coefficient, molecular weight, diffusion coefficient, and physicochemical type of the medication are some of the other disruptions. The good permeability drug is one which posse only molecular weight less than 500 Da. The diffusion of the drug from the vehicle and its characteristics is also important so it also be considered.[6]