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Cardiovascular system
Published in A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha, Clark’s Procedures in Diagnostic Imaging: A System-Based Approach, 2020
A Stewart Whitley, Jan Dodgeon, Angela Meadows, Jane Cullingworth, Ken Holmes, Marcus Jackson, Graham Hoadley, Randeep Kumar Kulshrestha
The thoracic aorta commences at the aortic valve and passes into the abdomen by passing through the diaphragmatic hiatus at the level of the T12 vertebral body. It is divided into the ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta. Major vessels arise from the ascending aorta and arch. The right and left coronary arteries arise from the root of the ascending aorta close to the aortic valve cusps. The aortic arch gives rise to three large vessels that supply the head and neck region and the upper limbs: the brachiocephalic artery (also known as the brachiocephalic trunk or innominate artery), the left common carotid artery and the left subclavian artery. The brachiocephalic artery divides and give rise to the right common carotid and right subclavian arteries. Each common carotid artery divides into the internal and external carotid arteries. The vertebral artery arises as the first branch of the subclavian artery on each side. The subclavian artery passes laterally to continue as the axillary artery at the lateral border of the first rib. The axillary artery continues down the arm and at the inferior margin of the teres major muscle it becomes the brachial artery. At the cubital fossa the brachial artery divides into the radial and ulnar arteries, which continue down the forearm to the hand.
The New Zealand Genetic Frontotemporal Dementia Study (FTDGeNZ): a longitudinal study of pre-symptomatic biomarkers
Published in Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 2023
Brigid Ryan, Ashleigh O’Mara Baker, Christina Ilse, Kiri L. Brickell, Hannah M. Kersten, Joanna M. Williams, Donna Rose Addis, Lynette J. Tippett, Maurice A. Curtis
Participants were asked to fast overnight prior to blood collection to avoid the potential effects of food intake on circulating biomarkers; fasting adherence was noted. A 20 mL whole blood sample was collected in 2 × 10 mL EDTA-coated vacutainer tubes. The site of venepuncture was the median cubital vein in the cubital fossa. Venepuncture was performed with the arm in a downward position, using a BD Vacutainer Safety-Lok blood collection set (21G or 23G). EDTA vacutainers were gently inverted 10 times following venepuncture and stored at 6°C for transport. Within 40 min of collection, blood samples were centrifuged at 2000 × g at 4°C for 10 min to isolate plasma. Plasma was stored in 1000 µL aliquots and buffy coat was stored in 750 µL aliquots in 1.7 mL Eppendorf tubes at −80°C. Isolated buffy coat from the first blood sample collected was used for DNA genotyping (as described above). Isolated plasma will be used to investigate potential microRNA and protein biomarkers in whole plasma and isolated extracellular vesicles. This protocol was designed so that an excess of blood is collected, allowing analysis of additional blood-derived markers if required.